Area Handbook for Bulgaria

by Eugene K. Keefe; Violeta D. Baluyut; William Giloane; Anne K. Long; James M. Moore; Neda A. Walpole

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INDEX

• Academy of Agricultural Sciences: [135]
• Academy of Sciences: [135]
• Agitation and Propaganda Department (Agitprop): [160], [169], [187]
• Agrarian Party. See Bulgarian Agrarian Union
• agriculture (see also agroindustrial complexes): [viii], [21], [160], [225-247], [260];
  • civil defense teams, [276];
  • collectivization, [3], [33], [34], [52-53], [69], [74], [77], [204];
  • cropping pattern, [230-231];
  • erosion, [227-228];
  • faulty practices, [243-244], [245-246];
  • fertilizers and pesticides, [243-244], [266-267];
  • five-year plans, [228], [229], [234], [235], [236], [237], [240];
  • income, [84];
  • investment, [211], [238-239], [245];
  • irrigation, [viii], [41], [42], [44], [226], [229-230], [231], [300];
  • labor, [207], [225], [237-238];
  • land protection, [227-229];
  • land use, [viii], [45-46], [227-231];
  • livestock and livestock products, [viii], [225], [234], [241], [242], [244-247], [260];
  • marketing, [240-241];
  • mechanization, [239-240];
  • national income, [207], [241];
  • organization, [231-235];
  • planning and management, [235-237], [246];
  • private farm plots, [204], [225], [231], [234-235], [241], [245];
  • production, [viii], [160], [225], [230], [241-247];
  • shortage of skilled workers, [225], [237], [244], [245], [246];
  • Thracian Plain, [45-46];
  • trade, [178], [222], [225], [247];
  • traditional, [76-77]
• agroindustrial complexes: [viii], [5], [53], [203], [205], [225], [231-234];
  • communications problems, [236-237];
  • labor, [viii], [232], [237], [238], [246];
  • land ownership, [234];
  • legal and economic aspects, [233-234];
  • marketing, [241];
  • planning and management, [236];
  • types, [232-233];
  • voluntary nature, [233]
• air and air defense forces: [ix], [7], [287], [289], [290], [291], [298], [299];
  • training, [294], [295]
• airlines: [ix], [62-63]
• Albania: [35], [172], [176], [179], [180], [292];
  • historic, [12], [14], [17]
• alcoholism: [190], [278], [281-282]
• Algeria: [257]
• Andonov, Ivan: [129]
• Angel, Isaac: [13]
• architecture: [133-135]
• armed forces (see also air and air defense forces; army; navy): [7-8], [287-300];
  • cadet programs, [295-296];
  • equipment, [288], [291], [298];
  • logistics, [298], [300];
  • manpower, [292-293];
  • medical service, [296-297];
  • military justice, [viii], [297-298];
  • military service, [142], [274], [275], [292-293], [296];
  • morale, [287], [296];
  • officers, [8], [289], [293], [298-299];
  • officers' training, [275], [295];
  • political indoctrination, [8], [289], [294], [300];
  • ranks, uniforms, and decorations, [298-300];
  • reserves, [293];
  • social benefits, [296];
  • Soviet aid, [291], [298];
  • Soviet officers, [179];
  • state and party control, [146], [288-289];
  • training, [293-296], [300]
• Armenians: [2], [55], [65]
• army: [ix], [7-8], [32], [290-291];
  • border troops, [ix], [7], [269], [273], [289];
  • Bulgarian People's Army, [ix], [273], [287], [289];
  • Construction Troops, [269], [273-275], [293];
  • equipment, [290-291];
  • Soviet model, [288], [293]
• art: [131-133];
  • National Revival, [131-132];
  • Turnovo School of, [131]
• artisans and craftsmen: [72], [73], [86-87], [204], [211], [245], [249];
  • historic, [12], [17]
• artistic and intellectual expression: [21], [123-135], [162];
  • First Congress on Culture—1967, [155];
  • Golden Age, [7], [12], [14], [121], [126], [131], [134];
  • government and party control, [7], [123], [124-125], [155], [187];
  • ideological messages, [124], [128];
  • library clubs, [125];
  • minority groups, [vii];
  • National Revival, [18], [131-132], [134], [135];
  • National Theater, [123], [128];
  • prestige, [7], [123];
  • self-censorship, [7], [125];
  • Soviet model, [7], [124];
  • Stalinist period, [124];
  • subsidies, [123], [125], [127], [128];
  • unions, [7], [125], [187], [276]
• Asen: [13]
• Attila the Hun: [54]
• Australia, relations: [179]
• Austria, historic: [17]
  
• Bagrianov, Ivan: [28]
• Balkan-Bulgarian Airlines (BALKAN): [ix], [62-63]
• Balkan Pact: [26-27]
• Balkan wars, 1912, 1913: [21], [22-23], [288]
• banks and banking: [viii], [204], [215-219];
  • Bulgarian Foreign Trade Bank, [viii], [215], [216], [219];
  • Bulgarian National Bank, [viii], [215], [216], [219];
  • credit, [204], [216-217];
  • state lotteries, [217];
  • State Savings Bank, [viii], [215-216], [217]
• Basil II: [13]
• Battle of Ankara: [17]
• Battle of Varna: [17]
• Belgium, relations: [178-179]
• Black Sea: [viii];
  • effect on climate, [43], [44], [45], [46], [226];
  • patrol boats, [273];
  • ports, [54];
  • tourism, [196]
• Black Wind: [44]
• Blagoev, Dimiter: [30]
• Bobov Dol: [253-254], [255]
• Bokov, Georgi: [186]
• border troops: [ix], [7], [269], [273], [289]
• Boris I: [11], [66]
• Boris III: [25], [26], [27], [28], [30]
• Botev: [196]
• Botev, Khristo: [126]
• boundaries: [2], [48-50];
  • Congress (Treaty) of Berlin—1878, [2], [22];
  • Greece, [49-50], [273];
  • post-World War I, [25], [49];
  • post-World War II, [29], [49];
  • Romania, [49], [50], [273];
  • Treaty of San Stefano—1878, [2], [20], [22];
  • Turkey, [49], [50], [273];
  • Yugoslavia, [49], [273]
• Boyana Church: [131]
• Bozhinov, Alexander: [132]
• Brezhnev, Leonid: [3], [156], [162]
• budget: [213-215]
• Bulgars: [vii], [2]
• Bulgaranov, Boyan: [161]
• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: [245]
• Bulgarian Agrarian Union: [21], [25], [26], [30], [31], [141], [150], [153], [163-164], [165], [191];
  • membership, [163], [277];
  • organization, [163]
• Bulgarian Communist Party (BKP) (see also Politburo; State Council; Tenth Congress): [3], [25], [141], [157-163];
  • Central Committee, [vii], [3], [4], [153], [157-158], [160], [191];
  • democratic centralism, [157], [166];
  • first secretary, [vii], [4], [140], [143], [158], [160];
  • growth of, [30-36], [158-159];
  • membership, [158-160], [276];
  • New Course, [34];
  • news organization, [192];
  • nomination of candidates, [150-151];
  • organization, [157-158], [284];
  • Party Congresses, [3], [155], [157], [159], [160-163];
  • party uprising—1923, [25-26], [30];
  • pre-World War II, [25], [26];
  • purges, [32], [34], [35], [36], [159], [161];
  • Secretariat, [vii], [3], [4], [153], [157], [158], [162-163];
  • Soviet leadership, [156], [157], [160], [171];
  • structure, [3], [137];
  • supremacy over all aspects of Bulgarian life, [156], [184], [276-277];
  • women members, [160], [168]
• Bulgarian Hunting and Fishing Union: [277]
• Bulgarian National Library: [187], [199]
• Bulgarian Red Cross: [167], [277]
• Bulgarian Telegraph Agency: [186-187]
• Bulgarian Union for Physical Culture and Sports: [277]
• Bulgarian Union of Tourists: [277]
• Bulgarians abroad: [55], [272]
• Bulgars: [9], [10], [11], [52]
• Burgas: [47], [54], [57], [62], [199], [227], [250], [254], [255]
• Byzantine Empire: [9], [10-11], [12-17] passim
  
• Canada, relations: [178]
• Carpathian Mountains: [38]
• caves: [40], [47]
• Central Leninist Party School: [121]
• Chelopets: [259]
• Chervenkov, Vulko: [3], [34], [35], [113], [115], [153], [159], [160], [161], [186]
• China, People's Republic of: [35], [160-161], [189]
• citizenship: [272]
• civil defense: [167], [275-276]
• civil rights: [142], [186], [283], [285-286]
• climate: [vii], [37], [42-44], [226]
• Committee for Science, Art, and Culture: [106]
• Committee of Bulgarian Women: [168-169]
• Committee of State Security: [36], [271]
• Committee on Art and Culture: [125], [140], [155], [198], [199]
• communications. See mass communications
• Communist Party. See Bulgarian Communist Party
• Congress of Berlin: [2], [22]
• Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON): [vii], [171], [176], [179-180], [240];
  • trade with, [viii], [180], [222]
• Council of Ministers: [vii], [4], [106], [137], [138], [141], [142], [144], [145-147], [218-219], [220];
  • administration of ministries, [viii], [5];
  • agricultural programs, [228], [238];
  • Department of Motion Pictures, [201];
  • establishment, [139];
  • functions, [5], [140], [145-147], [173], [174], [204], [205], [216], [235-236], [250], [261], [274];
  • legislative initiative, [32], [140], [141];
  • organization (chart), [146];
  • police power, [146]
• Couve de Murville, Maurice: [178]
• crime: [190], [269-270], [273], [279-282];
  • criminal code, [282-283];
  • death penalty, [283], [298];
  • economic, [281];
  • juvenile, [280], [294];
  • military, [297-298];
  • penalties, [280], [283];
  • political, [142], [269], [270], [274], [280-281], [283]
• Crusades: [13]
• Cuba: [117], [180], [222]
• currency: [viii], [14], [219-220];
  • exchange rates, [219], [221]
• Cyril: [11], [126]
• Czechoslovakia: [106], [172];
  • Bulgarian students, [117];
  • relations, [175], [222];
  • Soviet invasion, 1968, [155], [189-190]
• 
  
• dams: [42]
  • as boundary, [49], [50];
  • Iron Gate, [38], [62];
  • patrol boats, [273], [291]
• Danube River: [viii], [41], [44], [54], [61-62], [227];
  • population density, [57]
• Danubian plateau: [38], [39], [41], [43], [226-227];
• Dimitrov, Georgi: [2-3], [25], [32], [34], [121], [165], [172]
• Dimitrov, Vladimir: [132]
  • membership, [217-218];
  • officer training, [289];
  • premilitary training, [294-295];
  • source of manpower reserve, [167], [294]
• Dimitrov Communist Youth Union (Komsomol): [155], [166-168], [169], [185], [277-278];
• Dimitrovgrad: [55]
• Dimov, Dimitur: [127]
• divorce: [70], [190]
• Dobrudzha: [15], [27], [28], [29], [40], [43], [50], [226]
• Dolni Dubnik: [254]
• Dospevaki, Vladislav: [132]
• Dragoman Pass: [59]
• Dragoycheva, Tsola: [161]
• drainage: [38], [41-42]
• Dzhurov, Dobri: [289]
  
• Economic Commission for Europe: [181]
  • automation, [203-204], [236-237], [249];
  • BKP policies, [215], [250];
  • Bulgaria's Great Leap Forward, [160-161];
  • decentralized management, [156], [205], [250];
  • five-year plans, [viii], [154], [157], [160], [250], [254], [255];
  • investment, [210-213], [260-261];
  • national income, [204], [206-207], [210], [300];
  • New Economic Model, [156];
  • organization, [204-206];
  • Soviet aid, [viii], [156], [175], [203], [212], [223];
  • State Planning Committee, [5];
  • trusts, [205-206], [220-221], [233], [251];
  • Twenty-Year Plan of Economic Development, [161];
  • World War I, [24];
  • World War II, [28]
• economy: [viii], [5], [203-223];
  • abroad, [96], [97], [116-117];
  • administration, [96], [106-107];
  • adult, [97], [120], [121];
  • boarding schools, [120];
  • Center for Amateur Scientific and Technical Activities among Youth and Children, [279];
  • Communist policies, [97-99], [113], [115];
  • ethnic minorities, [96], [99], [102];
  • financing, [107-108];
  • foreign student exchange, [94], [116-117];
  • graduate, [116];
  • higher (see also students of worker or peasant origin, preference, infra), [6-7], [21], [94-95], [97], [98], [100-101], [104], [105], [111], [113-118];
  • history, [21], [95-97];
  • ideological indoctrination, [viii], [6], [97-99], [100], [115], [121], [159], [169], [284], [285];
  • literacy, [21], [93], [95-96], [97], [98], [106], [120], [169];
  • of prisoners, [284];
  • polytechnic schools, [103], [104], [105], [110-111], [112];
  • private schools, [120-121];
  • reforms, [6-7], [96], [99-105], [109], [110], [159], [162];
  • religious, [94], [95], [96], [98-99], [100], [121];
  • scholarships, [102], [117];
  • science and technology, emphasis on, [viii], [58], [93], [94], [117-118], [167], [237], [263];
  • Soviet pattern, [93], [98], [100], [102], [115], [118], [119];
  • special, [113], [119-120];
  • state control, [76], [97-99], [100], [113], [120];
  • students of worker or peasant origin, preference, [6], [73], [74], [76], [93-94], [99], [162];
  • teacher training, [101], [102], [103], [115], [118-119];
  • Teachers Union, [277];
  • technical and vocational schools, [96-97], [99], [100], [101-102], [104], [110], [111], [112-113], [116], [121], [284];
  • Turkish period, [16];
  • work concept, [98], [101-102], [103], [109]
• education: [viii], [6-7], [21], [93-122];
  • BKP membership, [150];
  • Central Election Commission, [149-150];
  • Law of Election for the National Assembly, [149];
  • 1971 Constitution, [149];
  • nominations, [150], [165];
  • Secretariat, [158];
  • trade unions, [166]
• elections: [3-4], [149-151];
  • hydroelectricity, [41], [42], [176], [180], [252], [255]
• electric power: [255-257], [266];
• Elin Pelin Bulgarian Bibliographical Institute: [199]
• Eliseyna: [259]
  • Armenians, [2], [55], [65];
  • Bulgar, [vii], [2];
  • Greek, [vii], [2], [55], [58], [65], [106];
  • Jews, [2], [28], [34], [55], [58], [67], [106];
  • Macedonians, [vii], [55], [58], [65], [66];
  • minority languages, [vii], [97];
  • Romanians, [vii], [2], [55], [58], [65];
  • Turks, [vii], [2], [55], [65-66], [106], [177]
• ethnic groups:
• European Conference for Security and Cooperation: [176]
  
  • extended family (zadruga), [67-68], [70-71], [76];
  • family allowance payments, [90];
  • traditional, [67-69]
• family: [65], [67-71];
• Father Paisi: [18], [95], [126]
  • BKP use of, [7], [166], [276];
  • Izgrev, official organization, [191];
  • National Council (Committee), [31], [137], [150], [164];
  • State Council, relationship, [164];
  • World War II, [1], [29], [31-32]
• Fatherland Front: [7], [33], [77], [100], [137-138], [139], [141], [165-166], [277];
• Ferdinand, King: [22], [24], [25]
  • Soviet, [201]
• films: [viii], [91], [129], [184], [187], [200-202];
• finance (see also budget): [viii], [21]
• folk arts: [126],130-131
• folk songs: [18]
• forced labor camps: [273]
  • Chervenkov, [34];
  • Communist countries, [175-176];
  • conduct of, [173-175];
  • historical factors, [172-173];
  • irredentism, [1], [2], [9], [10], [13], [20], [21-22], [23], [27], [28], [29], [176];
  • military relations (see also Warsaw Treaty Organization), [292];
  • noncommunist states, [175], [176-179];
  • Soviet model, [35], [171], [172], [173], [178];
  • Western Europe, [155], [178-179], [190]
• foreign policy: [155], [171-181];
• foreigners, laws governing stay of: [272-273]
• France: [178], [222]
• freedom of information: [186-187]
• French Revolution: [18]
  
• Gabrovo: [253]
• Genkov, Genko: [133]
• Genov, Todor: [127]
• geography: [v], [vii], [xiv], [2], [137]
• Georgiev, Iliya: [185]
• Georgiev, Kimon: [26], [29], [32]
• German Democratic Republic: [117], [172], [175], [222]
• Germany (see also World War I; World War II): [9], [27]
• Germany, Federal Republic of: [178], [222]
• Ghiaurov, Nikolai: [129]
• Goths: [10]
  • BKP control, [137], [143], [149], [153];
  • central, [142-147];
  • Dimitrov constitution, 1947, [1], [32-33], [97-98], [100-101], [106], [139-140], [143], [168], [186];
  • Fatherland Front coalition—1944-1947, [1], [2], [31-32], [139], [158], [163], [165], [172];
  • interwar years, [25-27];
  • local, see local government;
  • 1971 constitution, [137-138], [140-142], [145], [149], [156], [162], [163-164], [168], [173], [186];
  • Soviet model, [137], [140];
  • structure (chart), [144];
  • Turkish rule, [16];
  • Turnovo Constitution—1879, [21], [32], [138-139];
  • unity of rule, [35], [138], [140], [141-142], [148], [149], [153], [157]
• government (see also Bulgarian Communist Party; Chervenkov; Council of Ministers; Dimitrov, Georgi; National Assembly; State Council; Zhivkov): [vii], [3-5], [137-151];
  • Balkan Wars, [22-23];
  • historic, [9], [10], [11], [14];
  • radio relay lines, [195];
  • World War I, [23]
• Greece: [26-27], [35], [177], [290], [296];
• Greeks: [vii], [2], [55], [58], [65], [106]
• Grigorov, Mitko: [161]
• Gypsies: [55], [66], [106]
  
  • feldshers, [82];
  • hospitals, [80], [82];
  • life expectancy, [79-80];
  • physicians, [81], [82];
  • polyclinics, [80-82];
  • Public Health Service, [80-83]
• health: [79-83];
  • Balkan wars—1912 and 1913, [21], [22-23], [288];
  • Byzantine Empire, [9], [10], [11], [12-14], [17];
  • early, [9-15];
  • early migrations, [10];
  • feudalism, [11], [12], [13], [14], [16];
  • First and Second Bulgarian Kingdoms, [1], [9], [10], [11-15];
  • Golden Age, [7], [12], [121], [126], [131], [134];
  • independence, [21];
  • interwar years, [25-27];
  • monarchy abolished in 1946, [32];
  • postliberation, [20-21];
  • Slavs, [2], [9], [10], [11], [52]
• history (see also Turkish rule): [9-36];
• Holy Roman Empire: [14]
• housekeeping: [70], [91]
  • conveniences, [53], [79], [89];
  • rural, [88];
  • shortage, [71], [87-88], [213], [250]
• housing: [85], [87-89], [211];
  • historic, [15], [17]
• Hungary: [28], [172], [175];
• Huns: [10], [11]
  • Danube River cooperative project, [176], [180], [255]
• hydroelectricity: [41], [42], [252], [255];
  • civil defense teams, [276];
  • economic crime, [281];
  • forced labor camps, [273];
  • growth, [6], [21], [34], [264];
  • investment, [211], [253], [260-261];
  • labor, see labor;
  • organization, [249-252];
  • production, [263], [264-265];
  • programs for improvement, [viii], [5], [154], [160], [249], [250], [264];
  • quality, [264-265];
  • raw materials, [175], [252], [257-260];
  • raw materials, fuels and power shortages, [203], [249], [252], [257], [259], [260], [261];
  • Soviet aid, [6], [175], [223], [249], [254], [255], [260];
  • State Inspectorate for Industrial Power and Power Control, [256];
  • state ownership, [viii], [3], [32-33], [69], [249];
  • supply system, [251-252];
  • textile, [208], [264], [267];
  • trusts, [5-6], [203], [213], [249], [250], [251]
• 
  
• industry: [viii], [3], [5], [24], [161], [222-223], [249-261];
• Institute for the Improvement of Teachers: [118-119]
• Institute for Political Instruction: [121]
• international organizations: [vii]
• irredentism: [1], [2], [9], [10], [13], [20], [21-22], [23], [27], [28], [29], [176]
• Iskur River: [41], [42], [49]
• Italy: [9], [27], [28], [179], [222]
• Ivan Asen II: [14]
  • emigration, [34], [58];
  • World War II, [28]
• Ivan Vazov State Library: [199]
  
• Jews: [2], [28], [34], [55], [58], [67], [106];
  • Chief Prosecutor, [138], [141], [144], [148-149];
  • district courts, [148];
  • military courts, [viii], [148], [297-298];
  • party control, [149];
  • penal institutions, [7], [269], [284-286];
  • special courts, [viii];
  • Supreme Court, [viii], [141], [144], [148], [149], [297]
• Johnson, Lyndon B.: [177]
• judicial system: [viii], [7], [138], [144], [148-149], [269], [283-284];
• 
  
• Kalarov, Vasil: [25], [32]
• Kaloyan: [14]
• Kamchiya River: [46]
• Karavelov, Lyuben: [126]
• Khristov, Boris: [129]
• Khrushchev, Nikita: [3], [34], [35], [102-103], [161], [173], [192]
• Komsomol. See Dimitrov Communist Youth Union
• Kostov, Traicho: [34], [35]
• Koulekov, Pencho: [133]
• Kozloduy: [255]
• Kremikovtsi: [257]
• Krumovo: [257]
  • agricultural, [viii], [207], [225], [232], [237-238], [246];
  • BKP membership, [159];
  • Construction Troops, [269], [273-275];
  • employment, [207], [264];
  • Labor Army, [274];
  • lack of incentive, [204];
  • preferential treatment of workers, [6], [73], [74], [76], [93-94], [99], [162];
  • shortage of skilled workers, [viii], [203], [207-208], [225], [237], [244], [245], [246], [256], [263], [300];
  • sickness and disability benefits, [89-90];
  • wages, [84], [208-210], [237-238], [262-263];
  • workweek, [91]
• Kurdzhali: [259]
  • Cyrillic alphabet, [12], [126];
  • foreign, education in, [113];
  • minorities, [vii];
  • Russian, compulsory education, [109], [110]
• Kyustendil: [196]
  
• labor: [viii], [58], [207-210], [252], [261], [262-264], [300];
• language: [vii], [97], [102];
  • Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee, [19];
  • Congress (Treaty) of Berlin, [2], [22];
  • growth of nationalism, [17-20];
  • Internal Secret Revolutionary Organization, [19];
  • "moderates"-"radicals", [19];
  • revolution of 1876, [19-20], [288];
  • Russian role in, [1], [19], [20], [172];
  • Treaty of San Stefano, 1878, [2], [20], [22];
  • Turnovo Constitution, [21], [32], [138-139]
• Lasarov, Ivan: [133]
  • Cyril and Methodius Library, [187]
• Levski, Vasil: [19]
  • historic, [12], [14], [15];
  • periodicals, [126], [128];
  • Slav-Bulgarian History, [18], [95], [126];
  • writers' revolt, [127-128];
  • Writers' Union, [125]
• liberation, 1878: [1-2], [19-21], [52], [287], [288];
  • Commission on the Living Standard, [84], [205];
  • consumer goods, shortage, [83], [84], [86];
  • cost of living, [83-84], [85];
  • leisure, [91];
  • rural, [53], [88];
  • special plenum on, [viii], [83-84], [87], [203], [205], [209-210];
  • workers and peasants, [84], [85]
• libraries: [183-184], [199-200];
  • budget, [213];
  • cities and towns (rayoni), [50], [147], [271];
  • civil defense, [276];
  • districts (okruzi), [vii], [50], [52], [107], [144], [147], [159], [236];
  • elections, [149];
  • legal departments, [284];
  • police, [148], [271];
  • townships (obshtini), [vii], [50], [52], [147], [271]
• literature: [125-128], [187];
• living conditions (see also health; housing): [79-91], [300];
• local government: [vii], [50-52], [137], [138], [140], [141], [147-148];
  • historic, [9], [12], [14], [15], [17], [20-23], [29];
  • Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), [22], [25], [26];
  • People's Republic of, [66]
• Lovech: [254]
• Lulchev, Kosta: [32], [33]
  
• Macedonia: Bulgarian territorial claims, [1], [9], [13-14], [21-23], [24], [26], [27], [28], [49], [176];
• Macedonians: [vii], [55], [58], [65], [66]
• Macedonian terrorism: [23], [25], [26]
• Madan: [55], [259]
• Magyars: [12], [13]
• Manov, Emil: [128]
• Maritsa-Iztok coalfield: [253]
  • administration, [187-188];
  • local groups, [185];
  • objectives, [183], [184-185];
  • party control, [183], [186];
  • pro-Soviet themes, [183], [188], [189], [191];
  • public opinion, [184];
  • relative popularity, [185];
  • state ownership and regulation, [viii], [183];
  • themes, [183], [188-189], [191]
• Maritsa River: [40], [42], [45], [49], [55], [59], [60], [226], [227], [255]
  • BKP control through, [7], [153], [164], [165], [166];
  • civil defense, [276];
  • ideological training, [169];
  • memberships, importance, [76];
  • public order role, [ix], [276];
  • social pressure by, [269];
  • sources of popular opinion, [7];
  • trade unions, [89], [166], [185], [193], [276], [277];
  • youth groups, [8], [76], [167-168], [277-279]
• Marxism-Leninism (see also ideological indoctrination under education): [141], [167], [175]
• mass communications (see also films; press; publishing; radio and television): [viii], [183-202];
• mass organizations (see also Dimitrov Communist Youth Group; Fatherland Front): [7], [65], [76], [77], [164-169];
• merchant marine: [62]
• Mesta River: [42], [49], [226]
• Methodius: [11], [126]
• Mihailov, Ivan: [161]
• Milev, Ivan: [132]
  • Chemical Industry and Power Generation, [204];
  • Culture, [106], [195];
  • Education, [106];
  • Finance, [viii], [89], [204], [213], [219], [221];
  • Foreign Affairs, [173-174];
  • Foreign Trade, [viii], [173-175], [204], [219], [221];
  • Information and Communications, [187];
  • Interior, [32], [35], [154];
  • Internal Affairs, [ix], [7], [148], [167], [269], [271], [273], [284];
  • Justice, [viii], [7], [32], [283-284], [285];
  • National Defense, [ix], [7], [8], [167], [193], [273], [275], [287], [288], [289-290], [294];
  • National Education, [106-107], [116], [167], [198], [208], [263];
  • Public Education, [96];
  • Public Health, [80];
  • Supply and State Reserves, [251-252];
  • Transport, [63]
• mineral resources: [37], [47-48], [252-257]
• mineral waters: [48]
• Ministry of: Agriculture (and Food Industry), [193], [205], [228], [233], [235], [236], [240];
• Montenegro: [22], [28]
• motor vehicles: [59]
• Murad I: [15]
  • elections, [139], [147], [149], [150];
  • establishment, [139];
  • functions, [4], [5], [32], [139-140], [145], [147], [148], [149], [173], [213-214];
  • presidium, [139], [141], [143]
• Murkvichka, Ivan: [132]
• music: [129-130]
  
• National Assembly. (See also State Council): [vii], [4], [137], [138], [142], [144], [147];
  • organization, [270];
  • police state period, [159], [270-271];
  • state security police, [7], [269], [270]
• National Liberation Army: [31]
  • historic, [16]
• National School of Choreography: [113]
• national security (see also armed forces; border troops; civil defense; police): [ix], [154], [269-286];
• nationalism: [189];
• naval base (Varna): [54]
• navy: [ix], [7], [287], [289], [291], [295], [298], [299]
• Nedkova, Maria: [133]
• Nicephorus: [11]
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization: [290]
  
• opera: [123], [129-130]
• Otechestven Front: [191], [192-193]
• Ottoman Turks (see also Turkish rule): [15-16]
  
• Panagyurishte: [259]
• Partisan Song: [132]
• Pavlov, Todor: [161], [187]
  • BKP membership, [159];
  • populism movement, [25];
  • postliberation period, [21];
  • preferential treatment for education, [6], [73], [74], [76];
  • Turkish rule, [16-17], [131]
• Pavlovich, Nikola: [132]
• Peasant Union Party: [32]
• peasants (see also Bulgarian Agrarian Union): [6], [67], [71], [72], [73], [74];
• Pelin, Elin: [127]
• penal institutions: [7], [269], [284-286]
• pensions: [89], [90]
• Pernik coalfields: [253], [254]
• Peter, rebellion against Byzantine Empire: [13]
• Petkov, Nikolai: [32]
• Petrov, Ilia: [132]
• Philip of Macedon: [10], [54]
• Pioneers (Young Septembrists): [167-168]
• Pirdop: [259]
• Pirin range: [40], [42], [46], [57], [227]
  • libraries, [199];
  • railroads, [59], [60];
  • universities, [115]
• Pleven oil refinery: [254-255]
• Pliska: [11]
  • People's Militia, [148], [269], [270], [271-273];
  • registration of weapons, etc., [272];
  • secret police (police state period), [159], [270-271];
  • voluntary paramilitary auxiliaries, [269]
• Plovdiv: [45], [54], [226], [250], [255], [259];
  • composition, [154], [156], [162-163];
  • foreign policy role, [171]
• Poland: [172], [175]
• police: [ix], [7], [269];
• Politburo: [vii], [3], [4], [5], [143], [153], [157], [158], [160], [161], [187];
  • by age and sex, [55], [56];
  • exchanges, [57-58];
  • growth rate, [vii], [57];
  • minorities,
  • percent, [37], [55], [65];
  • rural, [56], [57]
• Pomaks: [16], [55], [67]
• Popov, Lyuben: [194]
• population (see also ethnic groups): [vii], [37], [55-58];
  • BTA, [187], [188], [189];
  • circulation, [193];
  • foreign language, [188];
  • party control, [186-187], [190-191], [192];
  • periodicals, [193];
  • provincial, [192], [193];
  • public attitude, [185];
  • Sofia Press Agency, [187-188];
  • Soviet pattern, [191-192];
  • Union of Bulgarian Journalists, [186], [191]
• ports: Black Sea (see also Burgas; Varna): [54], [62]
  • Law on Citizens' Property, [142]
• Preslav: [12]
  • anti-Western (see also Western influence), [155], [169], [188-189], [190], [191];
  • Soviet Press Agency, [187-188]
• press: [183], [184], [190-193];
  • ideological content, [198-199];
  • party control, [187], [197], [198];
  • promotion of books abroad, [199];
  • textbooks, [197-198], [199];
  • translations, [197]
• private ownership: [33], [140], [142], [204];
• propaganda: [183], [184], [185], [187], [190], [191], [194];
  • color TV, [183], [196];
  • foreign language, [195], [196];
  • Intervision, [196];
  • party control and use, [187], [194], [195];
  • popularity, [185];
  • programming, [195], [196];
  • radio relay ties, [195];
  • TV subscribers, [196]
• publishing: [viii], [183], [187], [197-199];
  • Orient Express, [59]
• 
  
• Rabotnichesko Delo: [191], [192]
• radio and television: [125], [183], [184], [193-196], [267];
  • Bulgarian Orthodox Church, [15], [19], [33], [66], [95], [98], [99], [121];
  • Christianity, early, [12], [13], [14];
  • church schools, [94], [95], [96], [99], [100], [121];
  • Committee for Religious Affairs, [33];
  • freedom of, [vii], [66-67], [142];
  • government control, [67];
  • Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church, [12], [16], [95];
  • Jews, [vii], [34], [67];
  • Moslem, [vii], [16], [33], [67];
  • Protestants, [vii], [33-34], [67];
  • religious art, [131];
  • Roman Catholics, [vii], [14], [33], [67];
  • Russian Orthodox Church, [33];
  • Turkish era, [16], [66]
• railroads: [viii], [59-61];
• rainfall: [43-44], [226]
  • mineral resources, [253];
  • Mount Musala, [40]
• Rakovsky, Georgi: [19]
• religion: [vii], [33], [65], [66-67], [189];
• Rila Monastery: [134]
  • as boundary, [49];
  • mineral resources, [48], [257], [259];
  • Pomaks in, [67];
  • population density, [57]
• Rila mountains: [40], [41], [42], [46], [57], [226], [227];
  • Balkan War—1913, [22-23];
  • border crossing, [50];
  • cooperative hydroelectric power complex, [176], [180], [255];
  • World War I, [24]
• Rilska River: [42]
• roads: [61]
• Rodopi (Rhodope) Mountains: [25], [39-40] passim, [55], [226], [227];
• Romania: [26-27], [35], [172], [175], [176], [256], [287];
• Romanians: [vii], [2], [55], [58], [65]
  • railroads, [59], [60]
• Romans: [9-10], [11], [12], [54]
  • Revolution—1917, [24]
• Rositsa River: [42]
• Rumili (Rumelia): [16], [20]
• Ruse: [54], [115], [199], [232], [250];
• Russia: [9], [17], [19], [22], [106], [172];
• 
  
• Saint Sophia church: [54]
• Saint Theodor of Plateina: [131]
• Sakar mountains: [40]
• Samuel, King: [13]
• Scientific and Technical Union: [277]
• sculpture: [133]
• Serbia: [12], [15], [17], [22], [23], [28]
• settlement patterns: [52-55]
• shipbuilding: [62]
• Shumen: [199]
• Simeon, regency for: [28]
• size: [vii], [37]
• Slaveikov, Pencho: [127]
• Slaveikov, Petko: [126]
• Slavs: [2], [9], [10], [11], [52]
• Sliven: [253]
• Slunchev Bryag: [196]
  • BKP membership, [6], [75];
  • Communists, effect of, [65], [69], [73-77];
  • feudal, [11];
  • party elite, [6], [73-74], [75];
  • peasants (see also peasants), [6], [71],72, [74];
  • rural-urban differences, [71-73];
  • social mobility, [6], [7], [75-76];
  • traditional, [6], [65], [72-73], [76-77];
  • urban intelligentsia, [72], [73]
• smuggling: [273]
• Smyrnenski, Khristo: [127]
  • Academy of Fine Arts, [132];
  • administrative district, [50];
  • Bulgarian National Library, [199];
  • climate, [44], [53];
  • education in, [107], [115], [117];
  • Higher Institute of Construction and Engineering, [275];
  • hot springs, [48], [53-54];
  • industry, [259];
  • libraries, [199];
  • media administrative center, [187];
  • mineral resources, [47], [48];
  • Radio Sofia, [195];
  • television, [196];
  • theaters, [128], [129];
  • transportation, [ix], [59], [60], [63];
  • Turkish period, [16], [17];
  • University of, [96], [97], [113], [135];
  • World War II, [28], [29]
• social benefits: [89-91], [142]
• Social Democratic Party: [21], [30], [31], [32], [33], [159], [191]
• social system: [6], [65-77];
  • Bulgarian timber workers, [260], [263];
  • electricity imports from, [256];
  • influence, [3], [9], [10], [29-30], [155];
  • relations, [153-154], [156], [162], [171], [172], [175], [296];
  • trade, [viii], [175], [180], [222], [244], [257];
  • World War II, [27], [28-29], [30-31], [288]
• Socialist patriotism: [189]
• Sofia: [40], [53-54], [250];
• Sofia Basin: [38], [41], [227]
• soils: [44-45], [226-227]
• Soviet Union: Bulgarian students, [116];
  • Botev Peak, [38];
  • mineral resources, [47], [48], [253], [257], [259];
  • population density, [57]
• sports: [91]
• Sredna Gora: [38], [42], [45], [259]
• Stalin, Joseph: [3], [34], [159], [172-173], [191-192], [270]
  • BKP membership, [143];
  • establishment, [156], [162];
  • executive council of Council of Ministers, [145], [174];
  • Fatherland Front, relationship, [164];
  • functions, [4-5], [143-145], [149], [173], [174];
  • legislative initiative, [138], [141], [144];
  • president, [143]
• Stambolisky, Alexander: [25], [163]
• Stara Planina: [38-46] passim, [226], [227];
• Stara Zagora: [194], [199], [255]
• State Committee for Education and Technical Progress: [116], [140]
• State Council: [vii], [137], [147];
• Strandzha mountains: [40], [47], [227], [257]
• Strategic Arms Limitation Talks: [181]
• Struma River: [42], [49], [226], [227], [253]
• suffrage: [21], [138], [139], [149]
• Suleiman the Magnificent: [17]
  • Soviet-Bulgarian relations, [173];
  • theme, [162]
• Svishtov: [97], [115]
  
• Tarabanov, Milko: [180]
  • Bulgarian territorial claims, [1], [9], [21], [23], [25], [27], [28], [49]
• Tatars: [15], [17]
  • agriculture, [viii], [45-46];
  • population density, [57]
• taxes: [84], [214]
• Tenth Party Congress: [140-141], [154], [156], [157], [161-163], [211], [212];
• theater: [123], [125], [128-129]
• Thrace: [10], [14], [15], [20], [29];
• Thracian Plain: [38-45] passim, [226], [227]
  • laws on stay of foreigners, [272-273];
  • official currency exchange rate, [219];
  • special problems, [282];
  • television programs, [196]
• timber: [260], [266]
  • Arab countries, [179], [222];
  • balance of trade, [223];
  • foreign trade organizations, [220], [221];
  • historic, [14], [17], [18], [27];
  • imports of minerals, [253], [254], [257], [258], [260];
  • incentives and subsidies, [220-221];
  • Soviet Union, [viii], [175], [180], [222], [244], [257];
  • state monopoly, [viii], [220]; U.S., [177-178]
• Timok River: [49]
  • airways, [ix], [62-63];
  • Berlin-to-Baghdad route, [59];
  • cargo, [viii], [59], [61-62];
  • merchant marine, [59];
  • passenger, [viii], [61];
  • railroads, [viii], [59-61];
  • roads, [viii], [61];
  • waterways, [viii], [61-62]
• Todorov, Stanko: [143], [161]
• topography: [vii], [37-41]
• tourism: [133], [134];
• trade (see also Council for Mutual Economic Assistance): [27], [179], [207], [220-223], [259];
• transportation: [viii], [59-63], [86];
• Traykov, Georgi: [164]
  • Balkan Wars, [22];
  • radio relay lines with Bulgaria, [195]
• Treaty of San Stefano: [2], [20], [22]
  • administration, [16];
  • culture, [15], [17], [123], [126], [130], [131], [134];
  • education, [16], [93];
  • reforms, [18-19];
  • religion, [16], [66];
  • rise of nationalism, [17-20]
• Tsar Ivailo: [14]
  • emigration, [57-58], [66]
• Tsar Simeon: [12]
  • Balkantourist Hotel, [134]
• Tundzha River: [42], [45], [227]
• Turkey (see also Turkish rule; Turks): [26-27], [177], [290], [296];
• Turkish rule (see also liberation): [9], [13], [15-20], [52];
  • membership, [vii], [34], [172], [180];
  • participation, [180-181]
• Turks: [vii], [2], [55], [65-66], [106], [177];
• Turnovo: [15], [199];
• Tyulenovo: [254]
  
• Union of Working Youth: [277]
• United Nations: Committee on Disarmament, [181], [292];
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: [181]
• United States relations: [34], [35], [177-178], [222]
  • radio and television, [195], [196];
  • railroads, [59], [60];
  • universities, [97], [115]
• urban development: [53]
• Ustashi: [26]
  
• Valley of Roses: [38], [45]
• Vaptsarov, Nikola: [127]
• Varna: [54], [57], [62], [199], [250];
• Vazov, Ivan: [126-127]
• vegetation: [45-46]
• Velev, Angel: [150]
• Veliko Turnovo: [54]
• Velsko: [199]
• Vidin Kingdom: [15]
• Vietnam, North: [117], [222]
• Visigoths and Ostrogoths: [10]
• Vitosha mountains: [40]
• Vladigerov, Pancho: [130]
• Vratsa: [254]
  • alcoholism, [281];
  • BKP membership, [160];
  • Committee of Bulgarian Women, [168-169];
  • labor, [237], [262];
  • maternity leave, [90];
  • penal institutions, [285];
  • rights of, [142], [168];
  • traditional role, [68]
• Vucha River: [42]
  
• Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact): [vii], [7], [171], [175], [179], [287], [290], [292], [293-294], [298]
• Western influence: [18], [34], [176], [185], [294]
  • declaration of war against Germany, [29];
  • effect, [29-30];
  • partisans, [30-31], [132], [277], [287];
  • relations with Soviet Union, [27], [30-31], [288];
  • Soviet occupation, [28-29], [31]
• wildlife: [47]
  • films on, [202];
  • ideological training, [viii], [6], [97-99], [100], [115], [121], [159], [169], [284], [285];
  • labor, [237];
  • news organization, [193];
  • nihilist attitude, [155-156], [167], [278-279], [295];
  • sources of information, [185]
• women: [69-70];
• Workers Party: [30]
• World War I: [23-25]
  • Macedonians, treatment of, [66];
  • relations, [26-27], [34-35], [176], [192], [296];
  • World War II, [28]
• World War II: [1], [9], [10], [23-25], [288];
• 
  
• youth: crime, [280], [285], [294];
• youth organizations (see also Dimitrov Communist Youth Union): [8], [76], [167-168], [277-279]
  • agricultural policy, [230], [231-232], [233];
  • attempted coup against in 1965, [35-36], [153], [154], [156], [271];
  • Committee of Bulgarian Women, [168-169];
  • cultural policy, [124], [132];
  • economic reforms, [160], [206];
  • foreign policy, [35], [178];
  • head-of-state, [4-5], [143], [153], [158], [160], [161];
  • loyalty to Soviet Union, [1], [35], [153], [156], [171], [173], [175];
  • media restrictions, [186];
  • on education, [98], [103], [104];
  • on Politburo membership, [162-163];
  • pension system, criticism of, [90];
  • reforms, [83], [154-155];
  • Tenth Party Congress, [162];
  • wage system reform, [208-209];
  • "Youth Theses", [155], [167]
• Yovkov, Yordan: [127]
• Yugoslavia: [26], [35], [172], [256];
• Yugov, Anton: [35], [161]
  
• Zakhariev, Vasil: [133]
• Zemen Monastery: [131]
• Zhivkov, Todor: [1], [3], [35-36];
• Zlatni Pyassutsi (Golden Sands): [55]
• Zveno (link) group: [26], [32]

---

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550-39	Indonesia	550-74	Uganda
550-68	Iran	550-43	United Arab Republic (Egypt)
550-31	Iraq	550-97	Uruguay
550-25	Israel	550-71	Venezuela
550-69	Ivory Coast	550-71	Vietnam, North
550-30	Japan	550-55	Vietnam, South
550-34	Jordan	550-99	Yugoslavia
550-56	Kenya	550-75	Zambia

Transcriber's Note