Eugene L. Opie.
Washington University
School of Medicine
CONTENTS
| CHAPTER I | ||
| PAGE | ||
|---|---|---|
| The Etiology of Influenza. (By Francis G. Blake, M.D.; Thomas M. Rivers, M.D.; James C. Small, M.D.) | [25] | |
| Discussion, [43]; Conclusions, [49]. | ||
| CHAPTER II | ||
| Clinical Features and Bacteriology of Influenza and Its Associated Purulent Bronchitis and Pneumonia. (By Francis G. Blake, M.D., and Thomas M. Rivers, M.D.) | [51] | |
| Influenza, [52]; Purulent Bronchitis, [56]; Pneumonia, [59]; Hemolytic Streptococcus Pneumonia Following Influenza, [70]; Bacillus Influenzæ Pneumonia Following Influenza, [72]; Summary, [73]; Discussion, [76]. | ||
| CHAPTER III | ||
| Secondary Infection in the Ward Treatment of Influenza and Pneumonia. (By Eugene L. Opie, M.D.; Francis G. Blake, M.D.; James C. Small, M.D.; and Thomas M. Rivers, M.D.) | [83] | |
| Secondary Infection with S. Hemolyticus in Pneumonia, [84]; Secondary Infection with Pneumococcus in Pneumonia, [91]; Secondary Contact Infection in Influenza, [95]; Methods for the Prevention of Secondary Contact Infection in Influenza and Pneumonia, [98]; Summary, [106]. | ||
| CHAPTER IV | ||
| The Pathology and Bacteriology of Pneumonia Following Influenza. (By E. L. Opie, M.D.; F. G. Blake, M.D.; and T. M. Rivers, M.D.) | [107] | |
| Bronchitis, [142]; Lobar Pneumonia, [154]; Bronchopneumonia, [162]; Peribronchial Hemorrhage and Pneumonia, [189]; Suppurative Pneumonia with Necrosis and Abscess Formation, [199]; Interstitial Suppurative Pneumonia, [209]; Suppurative Pneumonia with Multiple Clustered Abscesses Caused by Staphylococci, [225]; Empyema, Pericarditis and Peritonitis, [232]; Bronchiectasis, [239]; Unresolved Bronchopneumonia, [261]. | ||
| CHAPTER V | ||
| Secondary Infection in the Ward Treatment of Measles. (By James C. Small, M.D.) | [282] | |
| Hemolytic Streptococci with Measles at Camp Pike, [297]; Complications of Measles, [303]; The Dissemination of Hemolytic Streptococci in Wards, [315]; Carriers of Hemolytic Streptococci, [321]. | ||
| CHAPTER VI | ||
| The Pathology and Bacteriology of Pneumonia Following Measles. (By Eugene L. Opie, M.D.; Francis G. Blake, M.D.; James C. Small, M.D.; and Thomas M. Rivers, M.D.) | [334] | |
| Changes in Bronchi, [336]; Lobar Pneumonia, [337]; Bronchopneumonia, [340]; Suppurative Pneumonia, [347]; Pneumonia Associated with Acute Infectious Diseases other than Influenza and Measles, [353]. | ||
| CHAPTER VII | ||
| Summary of the Investigation and Conclusions Reached. (By Eugene L. Opie, M.D.) | [359] | |
| Lobar Pneumonia, [362]; Bronchopneumonia, [363]; Streptococcus Pneumonia, [365]; Staphylococcus Pneumonia, [366]; Empyema, [366]; Bronchiectasis, [367]; Unresolved Bronchopneumonia, [368]; B. Influenzæ, [369]; Pneumococcus, [372]; S. Hemolyticus, [374]; Nonhemolytic Streptococci, [376]; Staphylococci, [377]; Pneumonia of Measles, [378]; The Transmission of Streptococcus Pneumonia, [381]; Transmission of Pneumococcus Pneumonia, [383]; Prevention of the Transmission of Pneumonia, [383]. | ||
| APPENDIX | ||
| Experimental Inoculation of Monkeys with Bacillus Influenzæ and Microorganisms Isolated from the Pneumonias of Influenza. (By Eugene L. Opie, M.D.; Allen W. Freeman, M.D.; Francis G. Blake, M.D.; James C. Small, M.D.; and Thomas M. Rivers, M.D.) | [387] | |
| Inoculation of the Nose and Pharynx with B. Influenzæ, [389]; Introduction of Bacillus Influenzæ into the Trachea, [391]; Introduction of B. Influenzæ and S. Hemolyticus into the Trachea, [392]; Introduction of B. Influenzæ and of Pneumococcus or of Pneumococcus Alone into the Trachea, [393]. | ||
ILLUSTRATIONS
| CHARTS | PAGE | |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | The onset of cases of pneumonia shown by autopsy to be uncomplicated by secondary infection with hemolytic streptococcus and of cases of streptococcus pneumonia | [141] |
| 2. | The date of onset of cases in which autopsy demonstrated lobar pneumonia | [161] |
| 3. | Shows the relation of the epidemic of measles to that of influenza at Camp Pike, and the relations of the pneumonia following measles to both measles and influenza | [293] |
| 4. | Shows the time interval between the onset of measles and the onset of the subsequent pneumonia in the 56 cases of pneumonia following measles at Camp Pike | [306] |
| 5. | Shows the time relation between the identification of hemolytic streptococci in the throats and the development of otitis media in 27 cases shown to be due to hemolytic streptococci | [314] |
| FIG. | ||
| 1. | Acute bronchitis showing engorgement of blood vessels of mucosa and elevation of epithelium by serum and blood | [146] |
| 2. | Acute bronchopneumonia with nodules of peribronchiolar consolidation and purulent bronchitis | [167] |
| 3. | Acute bronchopneumonia with peribronchiolar consolidation | [169] |
| 4. | Acute bronchopneumonia with peribronchiolar consolidation | [170] |
| 5. | Bronchopneumonia with hemorrhagic peribronchiolar consolidation | [174] |
| 6. | Acute bronchopneumonia with confluent gray lobular consolidation in lower part of upper lobe and hemorrhagic peribronchiolar pneumonia in lower lobe; purulent bronchitis | [180] |
| 7. | Bronchopneumonia with purulent bronchitis and peribronchial hemorrhage | [190] |
| 8. | Streptococcus pneumonia with massive necrosis | [201] |
| 9. | Abscess below pleura with perforation caused by hemolytic streptococci | [202] |
| 10. | Interstitial suppurative pneumonia; interstitial septa are the site of suppuration and lymphatics are distended with purulent fluid; empyema | [211] |
| 11. | Suppurative interstitial pneumonia | [212] |
| 12. | Suppurative interstitial pneumonia | [216] |
| 13. | Suppurative interstitial pneumonia showing a dilated lymphatic | [217] |
| 14. | Endophlebitis occurring in association with suppurative pneumonia | [219] |
| 15. | Abscesses in two clusters caused by S. aureus in upper part of right upper lobe | [227] |
| 16. | Abscesses in cluster caused by S. aureus at apex of right lobe | [228] |
| 17. | Acute bronchiectasis showing fissures penetrating into bronchial wall and at one place entering alveolar tissue | [246] |
| 18. | Acute bronchiectasis showing fissures in the bronchial wall extending into neighboring alveoli which in zone about are filled with fibrin | [247] |
| 19. | Acute bronchiectasis; the bronchial wall indicated by engorged mucosa shows a varying degree of destruction, fissures extending into and through the bronchial wall | [248] |
| 20. | Acute bronchiectasis with destruction of bronchial wall exposing alveoli filled with fibrin | [249] |
| 21. | Bronchiectasis with fissures extending through the bronchial wall into alveolar tissue which is site of fibrinous pneumonia | [251] |
| 22. | Regeneration of epithelium over fissures which have been formed in the wall of a bronchus | [252] |
| 23. | Squamous epithelium growing over the defect in the bronchial wall | [253] |
| 24. | Acute bronchiectasis with fissures extending through bronchial wall which is marked by great engorgement of blood vessels | [255] |
| 25. | Advanced bronchiectasis throughout lower left lobe | [258] |
| 26. | Unresolved bronchopneumonia with tubercle-like nodules of peribronchiolar consolidation best seen in lower lobe; bronchiectasis | [268] |
| 27. | Unresolved pneumonia with peribronchial formation of fibrous tissue; bronchiectasis | [270] |
| 28. | Unresolved pneumonia with bronchiectasis showing new formation of fibrous tissue about a greatly dilated bronchus of which the epithelial lining has been lost | [271] |
| 29. | Lobar pneumonia following measles | [338] |
| 30. | Unresolved bronchopneumonia with measles showing new formation of fibrous tissue about a bronchus and in immediately adjacent alveolar walls | [342] |
| 31. | Unresolved bronchopneumonia with measles showing a nodule of chronic fibrous pneumonia surrounding a respiratory bronchiole | [343] |
| 32. | Unresolved bronchopneumonia with measles showing chronic pneumonia about a respiratory bronchiole and alveolar duct | [344] |
| 33. | Experimental lobar pneumonia in the stage of gray hepatization produced by injection of Pneumococcus III into the trachea of a monkey | [395] |
EPIDEMIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
THE PNEUMONIAS AND OTHER INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT ACCOMPANYING INFLUENZA AND MEASLES