Fig. 535.—Archangelica officinalis. Transverse section of fruit.
Fig. 536.—Scorodosma fœtidum. Transverse section of fruit.
a. The winged lateral ridges stand out from each other, so that the fruit appears to be 4-winged (Fig. [535]).—Angelica; Archangelica (Fig. [535]); Levisticum (Lovage).
Fig. 537.—Heracleum sphondylium. Fruit.
b. The winged lateral ridges lie close together, and form one wing on each side of the fruit (Fig. [536]).—Pastinaca (Parsnip). Corolla yellow. The dorsal ridges are very weak; the oil-ducts do not reach quite as far as the base of the fruit. Both large and small involucres are wanting; leaflets ovate. Anethum (Dill) is a Parsnip with more distinct dorsal ridges and filamentous leaflets. Peucedanum (Hog’s-fennel); Ferula (with Scorodosma, Fig. [536], and Narthex); Dorema.—Heracleum (Cow-parsnip); the flowers in the margin of the umbels are often very large, zygomorphic, and project like rays, e.g. in H. sibiricum. The fruit is very flat, with very small dorsal ridges; the oil-ducts are more or less club-like and do not reach as far as the base of the fruit (Fig. [537]). Imperatoria; Tordylium.
6. Dauceæ, Carrot Group (Fig. [528]). The fruit has 18 ridges, i.e. each fruitlet has 5 primary and 4 secondary ridges, the latter being often more prominent and projecting further than the primary ones. The oil-ducts are situated under the secondary ridges (Fig. [528]).
a. Orthospermous: Daucus (Carrot). The secondary ridges project much further than the primary, and bear on their crests a series of hooked spines (Fig. [528] D, E); these are much longer than the small bristles on the primary ridges. The involucral leaves of D. carota (Carrot) are numerous and deeply pinnate; the inflorescence contracts during the ripening of the fruit, and since the external umbels have longer stalks than the central ones, they arch over them, and the inflorescence becomes hollow. For the terminal flower, see below.—Cuminum; Laserpitium; Melanoselinum.
b. Campylospermous: Torilis (Hedge Parsley). The primary ridges are covered with bristles; the secondary ridges are not. very distinct on account of the spines, which entirely fill up the grooves. Caucalis (Bur Parsley).