Fig. 564.—Antirrhinum majus. A flower, and the upper lip of a flower with the stamens.
Fig. 565.—Scrophularia nodosa. Protogynous flower in various stages: A ♀ stage; g the stigma projecting from the throat of the corolla; B the same in longitudinal section; C ♂ stage, the stigma is bent down and its former position occupied by the stamens; s staminode; g stigma; d nectary.
Fig. 566.—Digitalis purpurea.
b. 4-stamened, didynamous (Fig. [564]).—Scrophularia (Fig-wort, Fig. [565]) has cymose inflorescences in a panicle; the corolla (Fig. [565]) is urceolate, short two-lipped; the posterior stamens are present as a scale below the upper lip of the corolla (Fig [565] s). S. nodosa has a tuberous rhizome.—Pentstemon; the posterior stamen is barren and very long.—Antirrhinum (Snapdragon). The corolla (Fig. [564]) is personate, i.e. bilabiate, but with the under lip arched to such an extent that it meets the upper lip, closes the corolla throat, and entirely conceals the stamens and style; the corolla-tube is produced into a short pouch at the base on the anterior side. The capsule is oblique and opens by 2–3 pores, formed by small, dentate valves. In Linaria (Toad-flax) the pouch is produced into a spur. Sometimes there are traces of the posterior stamens. The capsule opens by large pores (one for each loculus), produced by large, many-partite valves. L. vulgaris reproduces by suckers.—Digitalis (Foxglove, Fig. [566]) has long racemes with drooping flowers; the posterior sepal is small (a step towards complete suppression, as in Veronica); the corolla is obliquely campanulate, and generally nearly 4-lobed, the two posterior petals coalescing.—Alonsoa; Nemesia; Chelone; Herpestis; Mimulus; Torenia; Vandellia; Limosella (L. aquatica, Mud-wort, native); Scoparia; Capraria; Erinus (found on the Roman Camp at Chesters, Northumberland, and supposed to have been introduced from Spain by the Roman soldiers); Celsia (near Verbascum); Maurandia; Lophospermum; Rhodochiton; Collinsia; Nycterinia, etc.
Fig. 567.-Flower of Veronica.
c. 2-stamened.—Gratiola (Water-hyssop). 5-partite calyx. The upper lip of the corolla is undivided or slightly bifid; the two anterior stamens are either entirely absent or are reduced to staminodes (a transition to Veronica).—Veronica (Speedwell), most frequently 4-partite calyx; 4-lobed, rotate, zygomorphic corolla with 2 perfect stamens and no trace of the others (Figs. [567], [562] c); capsule with loculicidal dehiscence. Calceolaria; the corolla has two slipper-like lips.