A handbook of systematic botany

by Eugenius Warming

The subdivisions of the Phanerogamæ have with little variation been adopted in this book.

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Classification of the Thallophytes, adopted in the 3rd Danish Edition (1891). [Algæ by Wille; Fungi by Rostrup (after Zopf).]

• I. DIVISION. THALLOPHYTA.
• I. Sub-division. Algæ.
• 1 Class. Chlorophyceæ (Green Algæ).
• 1 Family. Conjugatæ.
• 2  „  Protococcoideæ.
• 3  „  Confervoideæ.
• 4  „  Siphoneæ.
• 5  „  Gyrophyceæ.
• 2 Class. Phæophyceæ (Brown Algæ).
• 1 Family. Syngeneticæ.
• 2  „  Dinoflagellata.
• 3  „  Pyritophyceæ (Diatomeæ).
• 4  „  Phæosporeæ.
• 5  „  Cyclosporeæ.
• 6  „  Dictyoteæ.
• 3 Class. Aciliatæ.
• A. Sub-class. Schizophyceæ.
• 1 Family. Myxophyceæ (Blue-Green Algæ).
• 2  „  Bacteria.
• B. Sub-class. Rhodophyceæ.
• 1 Family. Bangioideæ.
• 2  „  Florideæ.
• II. Sub-division. Myxomycetes.
• III.   „   Fungi.
• A. Phycomycetes.
• 1 Class. Oomycetes.
• 2  „  Zygomycetes.
• B. Mycomycetes.
• 3 Class. Basidiomycetes.
• A. Sub-class. Protobasidiomycetes.
• B.  „  Autobasidiomycetes.
• 1 Family. Hymenomycetes.
• 2  „  Gasteromycetes.
• 3  „  Basidiolichenes.
• 4 Class. Ascomycetes.
• 1 Family. Gymnoasci.
• 2  „  Perisporieæ.
• 3  „  Pyrenomycetes.
• 4  „  Discomycetes.
• 5  „  Ascolichenes.

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System of A. Engler (Syllabus der Vorlesungen, etc., 1892).

• I. DIVISION. MYXOTHALLOPHYTA.
• Sub-division. Myxomycetes.
• 1 Class. Acrasieæ.
• 2  „  Plasmodiophorales.
• 3  „  Myxogasteres.
• 1 Series. Ectosporeæ.
• 2  „  Endosporeæ.
• II. DIVISION. EUTHALLOPHYTA.
• I. Sub-division. Schizophyta.
• 1 Class. Schizophyceæ.
• 2  „  Schizomycetes.
• II. Sub-division. Dinoflagellata.
• Class. Dinoflagellata.
• 1 Series. Adinida.
• 2  „  Dinifera.
• III. Sub-division. Bacillariales.
• Class. Bacillariales.
• IV. Sub-division. Gamophyceæ.
• 1 Class. Conjugatæ.
• 2  „  Chlorophyceæ.
• 1 Sub-class. Protococcales.
• 2  „  Confervales.
• 3  „  Siphoneæ.
• 3 Class. Charales.
• 4  „  Phæophyceæ.
• 1 Sub-class. Phæosporeæ.
• 2  „  Cyclosporeæ.
• 5 Class. Dictyotales.
• 6  „  Rhodophyceæ.
• 1 Sub-class. Bangiales.
• 2  „  Florideæ.
• 1 Series. Nemalionales.
• 2  „  Gigartinales.
• 3  „  Rhodymeniales.
• 4  „  Cryptonemiales.
• V. Sub-division. Fungi.
• 1 Class. Phycomycetes.
• 1 Series. Zygomycetes.
• 2  „  Oomycetes.
• 1 Sub-series. Chytridiales.
• 2   „  Mycosiphonales.
• 2 Class. Mesomycetes.
• 1 Sub-class. Hemiasci.
• 2  „  Hemibasidii.
• 3 Class. Mycomycetes.
• 1 Sub-class. Ascomycetes.
• 1 Series. Exoasci.
• 2  „  Carpoasci.
• 1 Sub-series. Gymnoascales.
• 2   „  Perisporiales.
• 3   „  Pyrenomycetes.
• Appended. Pyrenolichenes.
• 4 Sub-series. Hysteriales.
• 5   „  Discomycetes.
• Appended. Discolichenes.
• 2 Sub-class. Basidiomycetes.
• 1 Series. Protobasidiomycetes.
• 1 Sub-series. Uredinales.
• 2   „  Auriculariales.
• 3   „  Tremellinales.
• 4   „  Pilacrales.
• 2 Series. Autobasidiomycetes.
• 1 Sub-series. Dacryomycetes.
• 2   „  Hymenomycetes.
• Appended. Hymenolichenes.
• 3 Sub-series. Phalloideæ.
• 4   „  Gasteromycetes.
• Appended. Gasterolichenes.
• Fungi imperfecti.
• III. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA ZOIDIOGAMA (Archegoniatæ).
• I. Sub-division. Bryophyta (Muscinei).
• 1 Class. Hepaticæ.
• 1 Series. Marchantiales.
• 2  „  Anthocerotales.
• 3  „  Jungermanniales.
• 1 Sub-series. Anacrogynæ.
• 2   „  Acrogynæ.
• 2 Class. Musci.
• 1 Sub-class. Sphagnales.
• 2  „  Andreæales.
• 3  „  Archidiales.
• 4  „  Bryales.
• 1 Series. Cleistocarpæ.
• 2  „  Stegocarpæ.
• 1 Sub-series. Acrocarpæ.
• 2   „  Pleurocarpæ.
• II. Sub division. Pteridophyta.
• 1 Class. Filicales.
• 1 Sub-class. Filices.
• 1 Series. Planithallosæ.
• 2  „  Tuberithallosæ.
• 2 Sub-class. Hydropterides.
• 2 Class. Equisetales.
• 1 Sub-class. Isosporæ.
• 2  „  Heterosporæ.
• 3 Class. Sphenophyllales.
• 4  „  Lycopodiceles.
• 1 Sub-class. Isosporæ.
• 2  „  Heterosporæ.
• IV. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA.
• (Siphonogamæ, Phanerogamæ).
• I. Sub-division. Gymnospermæ.
• 1 Class. Cycadales.
• 2  „  Cordaitales.
• 3  „  Bennettitales.
• 4  „  Coniferæ.
• 5  „  Gnetales.
• II. Sub-division. Angiospermæ.
• 1 Class. Chalazogamæ.
• Series. Verticillatæ.
• 2 Class. Acrogamæ.
• 1 Sub-class. Monocotyledoneæ.
• 1 Series. Pandanales.
• 2  „  Helobiæ.
• 3  „  Glumifloræ.
• 4  „  Principes.
• 5  „  Synanthæ.
• 6  „  Spathifloræ.
• 7  „  Farinosæ.
• 8  „  Liliifloræ.
• 9  „  Scitamineæ.
• 10  „  Microspermæ.
• 2 Sub-class. Dicotyledoneæ.
• 1 Group of Series. Archichlamydeæ.
• 1 Series. Piperales.
• 2  „  Juglandales.
• 3  „  Salicales.
• 4  „  Fagales.
• 5  „  Urticales.
• 6  „  Proteales.
• 7  „  Santalales.
• 8  „  Aristolochiales.
• 9  „  Polygonales.
• 10  „  Centrospermæ.
• 11  „  Ranales.
• 12  „  Rhœadales.
• 13  „  Sarraceniales.
• 14  „  Rosales.
• 15  „  Geraniales.
• 16  „  Sapindales.
• 17  „  Rhamnales.
• 18  „  Malvales.
• 19  „  Parietales.
• 20  „  Opuntiales.
• 21  „  Thymelæales.
• 22  „  Myrtifloræ.
• 23  „  Umbellifloræ.
• 2 Group of Series. Sympetalæ.
• 1 Series. Ericales.
• 2  „  Primulales.
• 3  „  Ebenales.
• 4  „  Contortæ.
• 5  „  Tubifloræ.
• 6  „  Plantaginales.
• 7  „  Rubiales.
• 8  „  Aggregatæ.
• 9  „  Campanulatæ.

TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.

• S = Sepals.
• P = Petals.
• Pr = Perianth.
• A = Andrœcium.
• G = Gynœceum.

• ♂ = Male.
• ♀ = Female.
• ☿ = Hermaphrodite.
• ∞ = Indefinite.