PLANT PARTS
COROLLA LOBES SEPARATE STIGMA STAMEN PETAL SEPAL FLOWER-STALK (PEDUNCLE) COROLLA LOBES UNITED COROLLA LOBE STAMEN ANTHER (POLLEN-SAC) FILAMENT SEPAL PISTIL STIGMA STYLE OVARY CALYX-TUBE SEED STIGMA STAMEN SEPAL CALYX-TUBE CAPSULE BELL-SHAPE CALYX-TUBE TUBULAR FUNNEL FORM COMPOSITE FLOWER HEADS INVOLUCRE STIGMA STYLE STAMEN TUBE DISK COROLLA RAY COROLLA DISK FRUIT BRACT (FLORAL LEAF) FLORAL LEAF (BRACT) LEAF BLADE MIDRIB LEAF-STALK (PETIOLE) IRREGULAR LOBES FRUIT OF COMPOSITE (ACHENE) BRISTLES (PAPPUS) SEED SIMPLE LEAVES LINEAR LANCE-SHAPE OBLONG LANCE-OBLONG OVATE COMPOUND LEAVES ONCE-DIVIDED PALMATE or DIGITATE SHARPLY TOOTHED LEAFLETS LEAF-STALK (PETIOLE) STEM PINNATE TWICE-DIVIDED LEAFLET LEAF-STALK
PLANT PARTS AND PLANT NAMES
The diagram on the [opposite page] carries illustrations of most of the terms used in the following descriptions of plants. As it was intended that this manual should serve as a means of plant identification from illustrations, the descriptions have been made very brief. If the reader is interested in a more detailed description, technical books should be consulted. Some botanical terms are rather loosely used in the effort to avoid technical expressions; for example, the fruit of a daisy flower is known popularly as a seed but is an achene, a seed closely covered by the wall of the ovary.
The conspicuous parts of the flower commonly make up the corolla, each part being known as a petal; however, in some flowers the showy part is actually the calyx, as the outer whorl of parts around the stamens and pistil is always called. The divisions of the calyx are known as sepals. The stamens are made up of two parts—the anthers or small sacs which bear the pollen grains, a necessary part to fertilization, and the filaments or stalks which elevate the anthers so that the pollen grains can be scattered. The ovules which develop into seeds after fertilization are borne in the ovary, a part of the pistil. The pollen is deposited on the stigma and carried down the style to the ovule. Showy flower parts, nectar, and other devices attract insect visitors which aid in the transfer of pollen from one flower to another.
In order that botanists everywhere may make use of plant names and descriptions, these are written in Latin. The Latin name of the bluebonnet is Lupinus texensis, in which texensis represents the name of a species and Lupinus is the name of a genus, which is a group of closely related species. The plants making up the different species in a genus are usually so much alike in flower, fruit, and leaf characters that they can be recognized as belonging to the same group. Similar genera (plural of genus) are grouped together in families; the family name in Latin takes the ending -aceae. Thus while this book illustrates only 257 Texas plants, it is hoped that the reader will become familiar with many others which bear a close relationship.
Much effort has been expended to use scientific terminology in accordance with that preferred by experts on various plant groups, but continuing research changes many well known names. In this list the name used in the text is followed by the name now in good usage; the terms are not always synonymous. The authorities for the names are not given but can be checked in technical publications.
Aesculaceae Hippocastanaceae Allionia grayana Mirabilis grayana Amphiachyris dracunculoides Gutierrezia dracunculoides Argemone rosea Argemone sanguinea Argemone delicatula Argemone pinnatifida Asclepiodora decumbens Asclepias capricornu Baptisia bracteata Baptisia leucophaea Batodendron arboreum Vaccinium arboreum Capnoides montanum Corydalis aurea Capnoides curvisiliquum Corydalis curvisiliqua Carduus austrinus Cirsium sp. Carduus undulatus Cirsium undulatum megacephalum Cassiaceae Leguninosae Cebatha carolina Cocculus carolinus Cercis reniormis Cercis canadensis texensis Cochranea anchusaefolia Heliotropium amplexicaule Conoclinium coelestinum Eupatorium coelestinum Delphinium albescens Delphinium virescens Dendropogon usneoides Tillandsia usneoides Dichondraceae Convolvulaceae Dracopis amplexicaulis Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Epilobiaceae Onagraceae Erythraea Centaurium Fabaceae Leguminosae Filago prolifera Evax prolifera Filago nivea Evax multicaulis Geoprumnon mexicanum Astragalus caryocarpus pachycarpus Greggia camporum Nerisyrenia camporum Hamosa nuttalliana Astragalus Nuttallianus Hartmannia tetraptera Oenothera speciosa Hypoxis erecta Hypoxis hirsuta Ibidium gracile Spiranthes gracilis Jussiaea diffusa Jussiaea repens Keerlia bellidiflora Chaetopappa bellidifolia Krameriaceae Leguminosae Laciniaria punctata Liatris punctata Lepidium alyssoides Lepidium montanum alyssoides Leptoglottis uncinata Schrankia Nuttallii Leucophyllum texanum Leucophyllum frutescens Limodorum tuberosum Calopogon pulchellus Lithospermum linearifolium Lithospermum incisum Lithospermum gmelinii Lithospermum carolinense Megapterium missouriense Oenothera missouriensis Meriolix spinulosa Oenothera serrulata Drummondii Mimosaceae Leguminosae Nemastylis acuta Nemastylis geminiflora Nama ovatum Hydrolea ovata Nemastylis texana Nemastylis sp. Neopieris mariana Lyonia mariana Nuphar advena Nuphar advenum Oxytropis lamberti Astragalus Lambertii Parosela aurea Dalea aurea Parosela pogonathera Dalea pogonathera Pentstemon Penstemon Persicaria longistyla Polygonum longistylum Persicaria punctata Polygonum punctatum Phlox drummondii (purple variety) Phlox Goldsmithii (left, [p. 107]) Phlox drummondii (purple variety) Phlox McAllisteri (right, [p. 107]) Phlox helleri Phlox littoralis Phytolacca decandra Phytolacca americana Pleiotaenia nuttallii Polytaenia Nuttallii Ptiloria pauciflora Stephanomeria pauciflora Quamasia hyacinthina Camassia scilloides Rosa woodsii Rosa foliolosa Sabbatia Sabatia Senecio filifolius Senecio longilobus Sisyrinchium thurowi Sisyrinchium exile Sitilias multicaulis Pyrrhopappus sp. Sophia pinnata Descurainea pinnata Stenorrhyncus cinnabarinus Spiranthes cinnabarina Thrysanthema nutans Chaptalia nutans Thymophylla polychaeta Dyssodia polychaeta Thymophylla pentachaeta Dyssodia pentachaeta Toxicoscordion nuttallii Zygadenus Nuttallii Tradescantia bracteata Tradescantia ohiensis Verbena plicata Verbena Cloveri Vicia texana Vicia ludoviciana Yucca radiosa Yucca elata Yucca glauca Yucca campestris
PLANT DISTRIBUTION
