The Friends of Voltaire

by Evelyn Beatrice Hall

In the breadth and the generosity of his self-sacrifice for the public good, he remains for ever one of the noblest, not only of the Friends of Voltaire, but of the sons of France.

INDEX

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [L], [M], [N], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W].

‘Advance, The, of the Mind of Man’ (Turgot), [208]
‘Advantages, The, of Christianity’ (Turgot), [208]
‘Advice of a Proscribed Father, The’ (Condorcet), [291]
Aine, Madame d’, [54], [123], [131], [132], [136]
Alembert, Jean Lerond d’, [45], [47], [72], [124-5], [133], [136], [199], [213], [269], [271], [275];
birth and parentage, [2-4];
at Madame Rousseau’s, [4-6];
education, [6-8];
mathematical studies, [8-9];
publishes ‘Treatise on Dynamics’ and ‘Theory of Winds,’ [10];
death of his mother, [10];
acquaintance with Diderot, [11];
writes ‘Preface’ to Encyclopædia, [12-13];
offered Presidency of Berlin Academy, [13-14];
member of the French Academy, [14];
visits Voltaire, [15];
writes ‘Geneva,’ [15-16];
retires from Encyclopædia, [16-17];
publishes ‘Elements of Philosophy,’ [17];
visits Berlin, [18];
his attachment to Mlle. de Lespinasse, [18-23];
their salon, [23-24];
publishes ‘History of the Destruction of the Jesuits,’ [25];
second visit to Voltaire, [25-26];
made Perpetual Secretary of Academy, [26];
illness and death of Mlle. de Lespinasse, [27-23];
his unhappiness and death, [29-30];
his work and character, [30-31]
‘Appeal to the French Citizens’ (Condorcet), [284-5]
Argental, Comte d’, [113]
Artois, Comte d’, [253], [262]
‘Banise’ (Grimm), [152]
‘Barber of Seville, The’ (Beaumarchais), [247-50], [261-2]
Beaumarchais, Caron de, birth and early life, [236-7];
first marriage, [238];
at Court, [238-40];
visits Spain, [240-1];
produces ‘Eugénie,’ [241];
second marriage, [241-2];
the Goezman lawsuit and ‘Memoirs,’ [243-6];
acts as secret agent, [246-7];
produces ‘Barber of Seville,’ [247-50];
edits Voltaire’s Works, [250];
various employments, [251];
advertises ‘Figaro,’ [252];
produces it at Gennevilliers, [253-4];
and at the Comédie, [254-60];
imprisoned in St. Lazare, [261];
sees ‘Barber of Seville’ at Trianon, [261-2];
quarrels with Mirabeau, [263];
third marriage, [263];
his part in the Revolution, [263-6];
produces ‘Guilty Mother,’ [266];
death and character, [266-7]
Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Francquet), [237-8]
Beaumarchais, Madame (Mme. Lévêque), [241-2]
Beaumarchais, Madame (Mlle. Willermaula), [263], [266]
Beaumarchais, Mademoiselle Eugénie, [263], [266]
Bergasse (lawyer), [263]
Bernis, Cardinal de, [33], [269]
Blache, Comte de la, [243], [244]
‘Blind, Letter on the’ (Diderot), [41], [42]
Brienne, Loménie de, [208], [209], [210]
Bueil, Comtesse de, [172], [173], [174]
Buffon, Comte de, [127], [200]

Cabanis, Doctor, [204], [295], [296]
Catherine the Great, [18], [56-8], [158], [168-70], [171], [174]
Charles Edward Stuart, Prince, [182-3]
Châtelet, Madame du, [42], [180]
Chaulnes, Duc de, [243]
Choiseul, Duc de, [69], [70], [73], [83]
‘Christianity Unveiled’ (d’Holbach), [140-1]
Cicé, Abbé de, [208], [209], [224]
Clavijo, [240-1]
‘Clergy, The Mind of the’ (d’Holbach), [141]
‘Commentary on Horace’ (Galiani), [73], [94]
‘Commentary on Pascal’ (Condorcet), [272]
Condorcet, Mademoiselle de, [277], [291-2], [296-7]
Condorcet, Marquis de, [24], [25], [29], [30], [196], [199], [221-2];
his position and birth, [268];
education, [269-270];
character, [270-1];
visits Voltaire, [271-2];
made Secretary of Academy of Sciences, [272-3];
work with Turgot, [274];
member of French Academy, [275];
marriage, [275-7];
as Women’s Rights champion, [277];
as a politician, [278-9];
at the trial of Louis XVI., [280-3];
writes ‘Appeal’ and is proscribed, [284-6];
in hiding, [286-292];
writes ‘Progress of Human Mind,’ &c., [289-91];
his wanderings, [292-5];
arrest and death, [295];
work and character, [297-8]
Condorcet, Marquise de (Mlle. de Grouchy), [275-7], [285-6], [287-8], [289], [296-7]
‘Corn Trade, Dialogues on the’ (Galiani), [62], [68], [86-90], [226]
‘Corn Trade, Letters on the’ (Turgot), [226]
‘Counsels to a Young Man’ (Vauvenargues), [103], [111]
Daubinière, Madame, [85], [93]
Dazincourt (actor), [255], [261]
Deffand, Madame du, [18-19], [195]
Destouches, General, [3], [4], [6]
‘Destruction of the Jesuits, History of the’ (d’Alembert), [25], [133]
Diderot, Angélique. See Vandeul, Mme. de
Diderot, Denis, [11], [17], [30], [88], [125], [128], [130], [131], [138], [143], [163], [165], [168], [170], [191-2], [199], [202];
education, [32-3];
early life in Paris, [34-6];
marriage, [37-8]; episode of Mme. Puisieux, [39];
writes ‘Essay on Merit and Virtue’ and ‘Philosophical Thoughts,’ [39];
birth of his daughter, [40];
writes ‘Letter on the Blind,’ [41];
prisoner in Vincennes, [42-3];
works at Encyclopædia, [43-8];
miscellaneous labours, [49-51];
episode of Mlle. Volland, [51];
visits salons, [52-3];
visits Grandval, [53-6];
produces plays, [56];
visits Catherine the Great, [56-8];
sees Voltaire, [58-9];
illness and death, [60-1];
estimate of his work and character, [61]
Diderot, Madame (Mlle. Anne Toinette Champion), [36-9], [40-1], [51], [60-1]
‘Dynamics, Treatise on’ (d’Alembert), [10]
‘Elements of Philosophy’ (d’Alembert), [17], [72]
Encyclopædia, The, [11-13], [14], [15-17], [43-8], [56], [121], [133], [150], [213]
‘Épinay, Correspondence with Madame d’ (Galiani), [68]
Épinay (Madame d’), [52-3], [79-80], [93], [125], [163-7], [172]
‘Eugénie’ (Beaumarchais), [241]
‘Existence’ (Turgot), [133], [213]
‘Fame and Pleasure, Discourses on’ (Vauvenargues), [103]
‘Father of the Family, The’ (Diderot), [56]
Fel, Mademoiselle (opera dancer), [150-1], [166]
‘Figaro, The Marriage of’ (Beaumarchais), [252-60]
Franklin, Benjamin, [129-30], [204]
Frederick the Great, [10], [13-14], [17-18], [88], [144], [156], [158], [167-8], [202]
Fréron, Élie (journalist), [88]
Frise, or Frisen, Comte de, [153], [155]
Galiani, Abbé, [125], [130], [135-6], [144], [148];
his characteristics, [62-3];
birth and education, [63-4];
at the Academy of Naples, [64-5];
literary work, [65];
religion, [66];
posts and pensions, [67-8];
appointed Secretary in Paris, [68-9];
his reception there, [70-1];
his popularity, [71-3];
as a conversationalist, [73-4];
at the salons, [74-80];
his wit, [81-2];
his work, [82-3];
visits London, [83-4];
recalled to Naples, [84-6];
publishes ‘Dialogues on Corn Trade,’ [86-7];
its reception, [87-90];
life at Naples, [90-3];
friendship with Mme. d’Épinay, [93];
illness and death, [94-5];
his mission, [95]
Galiani, Bernard, [63-4], [92]
Galiani, Celestin, [63-4], [67]
Garrick, David, [55], [56], [129]
‘Geneva’ (d’Alembert), [15-16], [47]
Geoffrin, Madame, [52], [66], [74-5], [127-8]
‘Goezman Memoirs’ (Beaumarchais), [241], [243-6]
‘Good Sense’ (d’Holbach), [147]
Graffigny, Madame de, [183-4], [211-12]
Grimm, Melchior, [49], [52-3], [58], [71], [79], [88], [125], [130], [144-5];
his love affair with Mlle. Fel, [150-1];
birth and early life, [151-2];
character, [152-4];
life in Paris, [154-5];
his ‘Literary Correspondence,’ [156-63];
his attachment to Mme. d’Épinay, [163-6];
visits Geneva, [166-7];
and Frederick the Great, [167-8];
and England, [168];
and the Russian Court, [168-70];
corresponds with Catherine the Great, [171];
his conduct in the Revolution, [172-3];
last years and death, [174-5];
his mission, [175]
‘Guilty Mother, The’ (Beaumarchais), [264], [266]
‘Happiness’ (Helvétius), [180], [204]
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, [91], [127], [212];
his family and education, [176-8];
life in Paris, [178-9];
visits Voltaire, [180];
relations with Montesquieu, [181];
his charities, [182];
assists Prince Charles Edward, [182-3];
meets and marries Mlle. de Ligniville, [183-5];
his life and good works at Voré, [185-92];
his book ‘On the Mind,’ [192-4];
effects of its publication, [195-9];
his salon in Paris, [199-200];
visits England, [201-2];
and Frederick the Great, [202];
his book ‘On Man,’ [202-3];
declining years, [203];
death, [204];
his work and position, [204-5]
Helvétius, Madame (Mlle. de Ligniville), [183-92], [197], [199-200], [203-4], [212]
Holbach, Baron d’, [53], [55], [56], [76-7], [155];
his position in the eighteenth century, [118];
and among Voltaire’s friends, [119];
early life, [120-1];
marriage, [121];
salon in the Rue Royale, [121-2];
life and society at Grandval, [122-138];
visit to England, [138-9];
opinion of the English, [139-40];
publishes ‘Christianity Unveiled,’ [140-1];
and ‘The System of Nature,’ [141-4];
its reception, [144-5];
its philosophy, [145-6];
publishes other books, [147];
his last years and death, [148-9];
his character in contrast to his book, [149]
Holbach, Madame d’, [121], [123], [131], [136-7]
Hope (Père Hoop), [123-4], [130]
Houdetot, Madame d’, [125-6], [164-5]
Hume, David, [55], [56], [83], [128], [182], [200], [201]

‘Imaginary Socrates, The’ (Galiani), [92]
‘Instincts and Habitual Tastes of Man, The’ (Galiani), [92]
‘Integral Calculus, Essay on’ (Condorcet), [269-70]
‘Introduction to the Knowledge of the Human Mind’ (Vauvenargues), [111]
‘Junius, Letter of, to William Pitt’ (Condorcet), [290-1]
‘Justice and Virtue, Letter on’ (Condorcet), [269]
‘Justification, The’ (Condorcet), [288], [289]
La Harpe, Jean François de, [156], [264]
Le Breton (publisher), [43], [48]
Lespinasse, Mademoiselle de, [18-24], [27-28]
‘Literary Correspondence, The’ (Grimm and Diderot), [49], [53], [79], [150], [156-63], [170]
Louis XV., [16-17], [69], [70], [83], [237], [239], [242], [246]
Louis XVI., [224], [225], [226], [227], [228-9], [231-2], [233], [252-3], [260-1], [278], [280-3]
Louis XVIII., [231]
Malesherbes, [195], [231-2]
‘Man, On’ (Helvétius), [202-3], [204]
Marie Antoinette, [225], [230-1], [232], [233], [245], [246], [253], [261-2], [274-5]
Marmontel, Jean François, [112], [113], [127]
Maurepas, Comte de, [224], [225], [226], [231]
‘Meditation on Faith’ (Vauvenargues), [103], [109], [111]
Meister (Grimm’s helper), [163], [170]
‘Merit and Virtue, Essay on’ (Diderot), [39]
‘Mind, On the’ (Helvétius), [127], [193-9], [202-3], [204-5]
Mirabeau, Gabriel Honoré, Comte de, [263]
Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, [97-8], [100-1]
Molé (actor), [255]
Molin, Doctor, [4], [11]
‘Money, Essay on’ (Galiani), [65], [67]
Montesquieu, [181]
Morellet, Abbé, [88-9], [125], [199-200], [208], [210]
‘Natural Son, The’ (Diderot), [56], [241]
Necker (Jacques), [75-6], [227-8], [274]
Necker (Madame), [52], [75-6]
‘Paper Money, Letter on’ (Turgot), [208]
Paris-Duverney (financier), [240], [241], [243]
‘Philosophical Thoughts, The’ (Diderot), [39], [41]
‘Physical Degradation of the Royal Races, Essay on the’ (Condorcet), [291]
‘Polish Exile, Letter of a’ (Condorcet), [291]
Pompadour, Madame de, [155], [178]
Porée, Père, [177]
‘Portable Theology’ (d’Holbach), [141]
‘Preface, The’ (d’Alembert), [12], [13], [31], [45]
‘Priests Unmasked’ (d’Holbach), [141]
‘Progress of the Human Mind, History of the’ (Condorcet), [289-90], [291], [296]
‘Prophet, The Little, of Boehmischbroda’ (Grimm), [155]
Puisieux, Madame, [39-40], [43]
‘Rameau’s Nephew’ (Diderot), [61]
Raynal, Abbé, [127], [129], [151], [156], [157]
‘Reflections’ (Vauvenargues), [111]
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, [16], [43], [47], [126-7], [128], [133], [151], [154], [164-6], [196], [199]
Rousseau, Madame, [5-6]
Saint-Lambert, Marquis de, [72], [126], [164-5]
Sarret, [287], [292]
Saxe-Gotha, Duchess of, [153], [156], [158], [167]
‘Seneca, Life of’ (Diderot), [53]
‘Social System, The’ (d’Holbach), [147]
Sterne, Laurence, [55], [56], [85], [128]
Suard, J. B., [156], [293-4]
Suard, Madame, [293-4]
‘System of Nature, The’ (d’Holbach), [141-7], [149]
‘Tarare’ (Beaumarchais), [263]
Tencin, Madame de, [3-4], [6], [10-11], [178]
Tercier (press censor), [194], [197]
Terrai, Abbé, [225]
‘Theory of Winds, Treatise on the’ (d’Alembert), [10]
Theriot, [156]
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, [89-90], [125], [133], [136], [184], [195-6], [204], [273-4], [275];
his character and work, [206-7];
birth and education, [207-8];
at the Sorbonne, [208-10];
at Madame de Graffigny’s, [211-12];
visits Voltaire, [213-14];
as Intendant of Limoges, [214-24];
Minister of Marine, [224-5];
Controller-General, [225-32];
his dismissal, [232-3];
last years and death, [233-4];
position among Voltaire’s friends, [235]
‘Turgot, Life of’ (Condorcet), [221-222], [275]
‘Universal Morality’ (d’Holbach), [147]
Vandeul, Madame de (Angélique Diderot), [40-1], [57], [59], [60]
Vaudreuil, Comte de, [253], [261]
Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de, character of his writing, [96];
birth and education, [97-8];
as a soldier, [98-100];
campaign in Bohemia, [101-2];
invalided, [103-4];
friendship with Voltaire, [104-7];
settles in Paris, [107-8];
his philosophy, [108-11];
his book, [111-13];
friends in Paris, [113-14];
illness and death, [115-17]
Vergniaud, Pierre, [221], [288]
Vernet, Madame, [286], [287], [289], [291], [292], [294]
Volland, Mademoiselle, [51], [52], [54], [59]
‘Volland, Letters to Mademoiselle’ (Diderot), [54], [61], [130], [138]
Voltaire, Arouet de, [1], [17], [62], [96-7], [225-6], [233], [250], [260];
visited by d’Alembert, [15], [25-6];
friendship with Diderot, [41-2] [55], [58-9];
opinion of Galiani’s ‘Dialogues,’ [87];
friendship with Vauvenargues, [104-7], [113-14];
opinion of Vauvenargues’ ‘Maxims,’ [112-13];
of d’Holbach’s ‘System of Nature,’ [144], [146];
and of Grimm’s ‘Little Prophet,’ [155];
visited by Grimm and Mme. d’Épinay, [166];
friendship with Helvétius, [179-80];
opinion of his book ‘On the Mind,’ [196], [198-9];
visited by Turgot, [213-214], [234];
opinion of Beaumarchais, [242];
and of the ‘Goezman Memoirs,’ [245];
visited by Condorcet, [271-2]
Walpole, Horace, [129], [135]
‘Wealth, Reflections on the Reformation and Distribution of’ (Turgot), [222]
Wilkes, John, [55], [56], [129], [247]

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