[197] Dio, 49, 34.
[198] App., b. c. v. 132; Suet., Aug. 32.
[199] Or, as they were also called Vetus, and Nova Africa. The former was the old province formed of the territory of Carthage, the latter the new province formed after the battle of Thapsus (B.C. 46) of which the first governor was the historian Sallust. See pp. 23-4.
[200] Appian, Illyr. 17; Dio, 49, 34, 38.
[201] Appian, Illyr. 18-21; Dio, 49, 37. The Iapydes (a wild tribe) had first been attacked in B.C. 129 by C. Sempronius and subdued after some disasters. (Livy, Ep. 59.)
[202] Pliny, N. H. 36 § 121.
[203] The Porticus Octaviæ, of which an arch remains, was a rectangular cloister enclosing the temples of Jupiter Stator and Iuno Regina.
[204] Dio, 49, 15; Sueton., Aug. 72.
[205] Horace, Epod. ix. ii.; cp. Ov., Met. 15, 826.
[206] An anecdote has been preserved illustrating the policy of “sitting on the hedge,” which must have prevailed among many while the contest between the two leaders was still undecided. After Actium, when Cæsar landed (the time and place are charmingly vague), a man offered a cornix which had been taught to say, “Ave, Cæsar, imperator et victor.” He bought the bird at a large price, whereat the man’s partner, being jealous, urged that he should be forced to bring another bird, which when brought repeated as it had been taught, “Ave, Antoni, imperator et victor.”