The Body of the place (or Enceinte) consists of the works next to, and surrounding the town, in the form of a polygon, whether regular, or irregular.
Outworks are those works which are constructed beyond the body of the place, such as tenailles, ravelins, &c.
The Tenaille (D) consists of two faces, and a small curtain. It is constructed between the flanks of the bastions in front of the curtain, and has a terreplein, parapet, and banquette.
The Ravelin (P) is constructed opposite the curtain, (in front of the tenaille,) is composed of two faces, which form a salient angle towards the country, and of two demi-gorges formed by the counterscarp.
A Horn-work is composed of two half bastions, and a curtain, with two long sides directed upon the faces of the bastions, or ravelins, so as to be defended from them.
A Crown-work is composed of a bastion between two curtains, which are terminated by half bastions. It is joined to the body of the place by two long sides.
Lunettes, and Tenaillons are works constructed on each side of ravelins, consisting of two faces.
A Flèche, or Arrow, is constructed along the foot of the glacis before the re-entering, and salient places of arms. It consists of a parapet, whose faces form a salient angle, and are about 120 feet long, and it has a communication with the covered way, cut through the glacis.
The Caponiere (Y) is a work intended to cover a passage across the ditch. That from the tenaille to the gorge of the ravelin is a road about 30 feet wide, covered on each side by a parapet 7½ feet high, its superior slope terminating in a glacis about 60 feet wide.
A Cunette is a small ditch made in the middle of a dry ditch, to drain off the water from the place, &c.