Geometry is the science relating to measurement. By the assistance of geometry, engineers, &c., conduct all their works, take the distances of places, and the measure of inaccessible objects, &c.
Characters, marks, or signs,
which are used in arithmetic, and algebra, to denote several of the operations, and propositions:
+ signifies plus, or addition,
- minus, or subtraction,
× multiplication,
÷ division,
: :: : proportion,
= equality,
√ square root,
∛ cube root,
42 denotes that 4 is to be squared.
43 denotes that 4 is to be cubed.
ARITHMETIC.
REDUCTION.
Reduction is the method of converting numbers from one name, or denomination to another: or the method of finding the value of a quantity in terms of some other higher, or lower quantity.
To reduce from a higher to a lower denomination.
Rule.—Multiply the given number by as many of the lower denomination as make one of the greater;[40] adding to the product as many of the lower denomination as are expressed in the given sum.
Example.—In £6 15s. 5d., how many pence?