If the end of a beam, instead of being only supported, be fixed, its strength will be in the proportion of 3 to 2.

From the foregoing results it will be seen that the strength of a rectangular beam varies, as the breadth multiplied by the depth squared, divided by the length, b × d2 1 and if the breaking weight of any material, 1 inch square, and 1 foot long, be found, it will represent a constant multiplier for the above equation.

Thus the breaking weight of a beam of Riga fir, 1 inch square, and 1 foot long (vide following TABLE), is ·164 of a ton; and to find the breaking weight of a beam of any other dimensions, the rule is simply

W = b × d2 1 × ·164.

Example.—What will be the breaking weight of a beam of Riga fir, 8 inches broad, 12 inches deep, and 20 feet long?

8 × 122 20 = 57·6 57·6 × ·164 = 9·44 tons, breaking weight.

Table of constants, for beams of different materials, being the breaking weights of such beams, 1 inch square, and 1 foot long.

Riga fir·164of a ton.English oak·248of a ton.
Red pine·199Canadian do.·261
Pitch pine·242Dantzic do.·219
Beech·231Teak·366
Elm·150Cast iron, mean.1·000
Ash·301Wrought do.1·083

From the foregoing rules

Length = b d2 W × constant.