The subject of German "peaceful penetration," which is incidentally illustrated but not expounded in these chapters, may be studied in M. Hauser's book entitled (in its English version) Germany's Economic Grip upon the World; also in The Bloodless War, translated from the Italian of Signor Ezio Gray. The character of that penetration, with its admirable as well as its odious features, is briefly and clearly set forth in a recent Report (Cd 9059) presented to the Board of Trade on enemy interests in British trade.

I desire to express my indebtedness to Le Brésil, a weekly review of Latin-American affairs published in Paris; to The Times newspaper, particularly the monthly Trade Supplement and the South American number (Part 183) of The Times History of the War; to the weekly South American Journal; and to the monthly British and Latin-American Trade Gazette. The quotation on pages 40-41 is taken from The Times; and various other passages, not always verbally reproduced, are derived from the same source.

It is impossible to thank by name all those who have placed at my disposal their knowledge of Latin-American countries. But I owe an especial debt of gratitude to the Master of Peterhouse for his aid and advice in the production of this book.

The original matter has been considerably rearranged for purposes of publication. But wherever convenience permitted, the lecture form has been retained in order to indicate that the book owes its inception to King's College, London.

F. A. K.

August 15, 1918.


CONTENTS

PAGE
[PREFACE]V
[INTRODUCTION—GENERAL CONDITIONS IN LATIN AMERICA]1
CHAP.
I.[POLITICAL CURRENTS AND FORCES]14
II.[THE GERMAN OUTLOOK ON LATIN AMERICA]25
III.[THE ECONOMIC WAR AND ITS PROPAGANDA]34
IV.[THE RECOGNITION OF LATIN AMERICA]45
V.[EFFECTS OF THE WAR ON THE REPUBLICS]53
VI.[PAN-AMERICANISM]66
[LATIN-AMERICAN REPUBLICS]78

The [map] at the end of the book shows the former Spanish and Portuguese possessions in America, and also the existing Latin-American Republics.