Privy council, Daijo (dajo) kwan; Board of
Progressist party, Shimpo-to, organized (1881) by Okuma; joins with
Liberals
Promotion, official, Chinese system introduced (603 A.D.); under
Daiho
Prose of Nara epoch; of Engi era wholly in Chinese; Ki no Tsurayuki's preface to Kokin-shu
Prosody, Japanese; and see Poetry, Couplet
Prostitution in Yedo; Sadanobu's legislation
Provinces, kuni, in reign of Seimu; classification, and subdivision into kori, under Daiho; difference between capital and provinces in Heian epoch; lawlessness; power of provincial families; Bushi employed by provincial nobles; shugo system, abolished by Kemmu restoration; local autonomy abolished
Provincial rulers, in early times; administration by imperial princes; early kuni-no-miyatsuko, later kokushi; kokushi under Daika; abuses under Shomu and Koken; use forced labour to reclaim uplands; term reduced to 5 years (774); administration criticized by Miyoshi no Kiyotsura; administration after Onin war; in Muromachi period; and Christianity
—temples, kokubun-ji; expense
—troops, abolished (792) except on frontiers