1. Bullock leather from old animals, highly limed, mixed with rump pieces, also with horse leather, the latter being thin, of a dark color and soft, and is of less value than bullock leather, because it yields a dark glue. Fat leather is bullock’s leather from fat, stall-fed cattle, and before use has to be freed from fat (by means of benzine).
2. Pieces of hide from the lower parts of the limbs of cattle, not limed and with the hair; they form excellent glue-stock, yielding a very adhesive glue.
3. Worn-out hinges from weavers’ looms, consisting of strongest untanned bullock’s hide. When treated with lime they yield a very strong glue, but are worked with difficulty.
4. Whip leather. This is waste in the manufacture of whips, and is derived from thick tawed bullock hide. It yields an excellent, light-colored glue.
5. Calf leather. Broad, thin, translucent strips, slightly limed, yields glue of a very light color.
6. Calves’ heads. The skin of calves’ heads, limed, without hair. They constitute the best material for gelatine, and form a special article of commerce.
7. Calves’ feet. The skin from the last but one leg-joint which is cut off from dry, unlimed, haired skins. It is the best material next to calves’ heads.
8. Knapsack leather. Old knapsacks of calf skin and waste in the manufacture of new ones, tawed with the hair on with alum and common salt. When suitably washed this yields good glue-stock. The alum and common salt have to be completely removed by washing. The hair is no detriment to the process of boiling, it serving as a filter for the glue running off. To this class belong also all kinds of fur waste, especially remnants of old fur coats (sheep skin coats), from which the wool is removed and the skin used as glue-stock. All these materials having been treated with alum and common salt have to be freed from them by suitable manipulation.
9. Hare and rabbit skins freed from their fur. They yield a light-colored glue of little consistency.
10. Cut rabbit skins. In depriving these skins of their fur, they are cut by a machine into fine threads of even size. In France they are worked into size for gilders’ use which is highly valued.