The Chui-sung has the same sound in both the upper and lower series. The voice rises much as it does when we ask a question.
The students should practise with the teacher on the following table of sounds, and in time will be able to distinguish the tones clearly and to make the proper inflection himself. Foreigners are seldom able to perfect themselves in the use of tones, but this is due not so much to inability as to the lack of attention paid to the matter at the beginning of the study of the language.
It should be understood that the names of the tones are those of the original tones and often bear no relation to the inflection now used, which varies in different localities.
COMPLETE LIST OF INITIALS AND FINALS USED IN THE SHANGHAI DIALECT
ZAUNG-HE LOO-MO Z
| Z-MOO 字母 Initial Sounds | |||
| P | p | 不 | 杯 |
| Ph | ph | 潑 | 坏 |
| B | b | 孛 | 賠 |
| ’M | ’m | 每 | 螟 |
| M | m | 末 | 明 |
| ’V | ’v | 勿 | |
| F | f | 拂 | °粉 |
| V | v | 物 | °忿 |
| T | t | 䊚 | 堆 |
| Th | h | 脫 | 推 |
| D | d | 疊 | 臺 |
| Ts | ts | [C1] | 避 |
| Tsh | tsh | 出 | 义 |
| Dz | dz | 姪 | 茶 |
| S | s | 失 | 衰 |
| Z | z | 十 | 裁 |
| ’L | ’l | 拎 | °擄 |
| L | l | 垃 | °櫓 |
| ’N | ’n | 乃 | 懦° |
| N | n | 納 | 怒° |
| ’Ny | ’ny | 拈 | °撚 |
| Ny | ny | 業 | °染 |
| ’Ng | ’ng | ’颜 | 一颜 |
| Ng | ng | 丌 | 呆 |
| K | k | 鴿 | 加 |
| Kh | kh | 磕 | 揩 |
| G | g | 搿 | 茄 |
| Ky | ky | 吉 | 鳩 |
| Ch | ch | 怯 | 邱 |
| J | j | 及 | 求 |
| Kw | kw | 骨 | 規 |
| Khw | khw | 闊 | 奎 |
| Gw | gw | 揆 | 葵 |
| I | i | 一 | 腰 |
| Y | y | 葉 | 姚 |
| ’W | ’w | 威 | 彎 |
| W | w | 活 | 還 |
| H | h | 黑 | 亨 |
| Hy | hy | 歇 | 興 |
| Hw | hw | 忽 | 昏 |
| ‘ | ‘ | 合 | 恒 |
| IUNG-YUIN 音韻 Vowel sounds and finals | |||
| A | a | 挨 | 篩 |
| Ang | ang | 櫻 | 生 |
| Ak | ak | 矮 | 柵 |
| An | an | 俺 | 三 |
| Ah | ah | 押 | 殺 |
| E | e | 哀 | 衰 |
| En | en | 菴 | 𢹞 |
| Eh | eh | 盦 | 失 |
| I | i | 衣 | 西 |
| Ien | ien | 煙 | 先 |
| Ing | ing | 喑 | 心 |
| Ih | ih | 一 | 雪 |
| Au | au | 凹 | 燒 |
| Aung | aung | 盎 | 霜 |
| Auh | auh | 惡 | 朔 |
| O | o | 喔 | 沙 |
| Ok | ok | 屋 | 束 |
| Oo | oo | 烏 | 梭 |
| Oong | oong | 翁 | 松 |
| Oe | oe | 隨 | 雖 |
| Oen | oen | 安 | 酸 |
| Oeh | oeh | 曷 | 率 |
| Eu | eu | 謳 | 收 |
| Ung | ung | 恩 | 深 |
| Uh | uh | 厄 | 色 |
| U | u | 如 | 書 |
| Ui | ui | 餘 | 須 |
| Uin | uin | 雲 | 熏 |
| Ia | ia | 雅 | 斜 |
| Iang | iang | 央 | 廂 |
| Iak | iak | 約 | 削 |
| Iau | iau | 夭 | 小 |
| Ieu | ieu | 憂 | 修 |
| DOK YOONG Z-MOO 獨用字母 Constants used as words | |||
| M | m | 嘸 | 姆 |
| Ts | ts | 之 | 資 |
| Tsh | tsh | 雌 | 痴 |
| Dz | dz | 池 | 遲 |
| S | s | 思 | 施 |
| Z | z | 時 | 鰣 |
| ’R | ’r | °耳 | |
| R | r | 而 | 兒 |
| Ng | Ng | 魚 | 吳 |
The student should practise repeating after the teacher the pronunciation of the characters in which these sounds occur.
EXERCISE IN TONES