Would that I had it in my power to write the literary history of Glastonbury Abbey; to know what the monks of old there transcribed would be to acquire the history of learning in those times; for there was little worth reading in the literature of the day that was not copied by those industrious scribes. But if our materials will not enable us to do this, we may catch a glimpse of their well stored shelves through the kindness and care of William Britone the Librarian, who compiled a work of the highest interest to the biographer. It is no less than a catalogue of the books contained in the common library of the abbey in the year one thousand two hundred and forty-eight. Four hundred choice volumes comprise this fine collection;[313] and will not the reader be surprised to find among them a selection of the classics, with the chronicles, poetry, and romantic productions of the middle ages, besides an abundant store of the theological writings of the primitive Church. But I have not transcribed a large proportion of this list, as the extracts given from other monastic catalogues may serve to convey an idea of their nature; but I cannot allow one circumstance connected with this old document to pass without remark. I would draw the reader's attention to the fine bibles which commence the list, and which prove that the monks of Glastonbury Abbey were fond and devoted students of the Bible. It begins with—
- Bibliotheca una in duobus voluminibus.
- Alia Bibliotheca integra vetusta, set legibilis.
- Bibliotheca integræ minoris litteræ.
- Dimidia pars Bibliothecæ incipiens à Psalterio, vetusta.
- Bibliotheca magna versificata.
- Alia versificata in duobus voluminibus.
- Bibliotheca tres versificata.[314]
But besides these, the library contained numerous detached books and many copies of the Gospels, an ample collection of the fathers, and the controversal writings of the middle ages; and among many others, the following classics—
- Aristotle.
- Livy.
- Orosius.
- Sallust.
- Donatus.
- Sedulus.
- Virgil's Æneid.
- Virgil's Georgics.
- Virgil's Bucolics.
- Æsop.
- Tully.
- Boethius.
- Plato.
- Isagoge of Porphyry.
- Prudentius.
- Fortuanus.
- Persius.
- Pompeius.
- Isidore.
- Smaragdius.
- Marcianus.
- Horace.
- Priscian.
- Prosper.
- Aratores.
- Claudian.
- Juvenal.
- Cornutus.
I must not omit to mention that John de Taunton, a monk and an enthusiastic amator librorum, and who was elected abbot in the year 1271, collected forty choice volumes, and gave them to the library, dedit librario, of the abbey; no mean gift, I ween, in the thirteenth century. They included—
- Questions on the Old and New Law.
- St. Augustine upon Genesis.
- Ecclesiastical Dogmas.
- St. Bernard's Enchiridion.
- St. Bernard's Flowers.
- Books of Wisdom, with a Gloss.
- Postil's upon Jeremiah and the lesser Prophets.
- Concordances to the Bible.
- Postil's of Albertus upon Matthew, and the Lamentations of Jeremiah and others, in one volume.
- Postil's upon Mark.
- Postil's upon John, with a Discourse on the Epistles throughout the year.
- Brother Thomas Old and New Gloss.
- Morabilius on the Gospels and Epistles.
- St. Augustine on the Trinity.
- Epistles of Paul glossed.
- St. Augustine's City of God.
- Kylwardesby upon the Letter of the Sentences.
- Questions concerning Crimes.
- Perfection of the Spiritual Life.
- Brother Thomas' Sum of Divinity, in four volumes.
- Decrees and Decretals.
- A Book of Perspective.
- Distinctions of Maurice.
- Books of Natural History, in two volumes.
- Book on the Properties of Things.[315]
Subsequent to this, in the time of one book-loving abbot, an addition of forty-nine volumes was made to the collection by his munificence and the diligence of his scribes; and time has allowed the modern bibliophile to gaze on a catalogue of these treasures. I wish the monkish annalist had recorded the life of this early bibliomaniac, but unfortunately we know little of him. But they were no mean nor paltry volumes that he transcribed. It is with pleasure I see the catalogue commenced by a copy of the Holy Scriptures; and the many commentaries upon them by the fathers of the church enumerated after it, prove my Lord Abbot to have been a diligent student of the Bible. Nor did he seek God alone in his written word; but wisely understood that his Creator spoke to him also by visible works; and probably loved to observe the great wisdom and design of his God in the animated world; for a Pliny's Natural History stands conspicuous on the list, as the reader will perceive.
- The Bible.
- Pliny's Natural History.
- Cassiodorus upon the Psalms.
- Three great Missals.
- Two Reading Books.
- A Breviary for the Infirmary.
- Jerome upon Jeremiah and Isaiah.
- Origen upon the Old Testament.
- Origen's Homilies.
- Origen upon the Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans.
- Jerome upon the Epistles to the Galatians, to Ephesians, to Titus, and to Philemon.
- Lives of the Fathers.
- Collations of the Fathers.
- Breviary for the Hospital.
- An Antiphon.
- Pars una Moralium.
- Cyprian's Works.
- Register.
- Liber dictus Paradisus.
- Jerome against Jovinian.
- Ambrose against Novatian.
- Seven Volumes of the Passions of the Saints for the circle of the whole year.
- Lives of the Cæsars.
- Acts of the Britons.
- Acts of the English.
- Acts of the Franks.
- Pascasius.
- Radbert on the Body and Blood of the Lord.
- Book of the Abbot of Clarevalle de Amando Deo.
- Hugo de S. Victore de duodecim gradibus Humilitatis et de Oratione.
- Physiomania Lapedarum et Liber Petri Alsinii in uno volumine.
- Rhetoric, two volumes.
- Quintilian de Causes, in one volume.
- Augustine upon the Lord's Prayer and upon the Psalm Miserero mei Deus.
- A Benedictional.
- Decreta Cainotensis Episcopi.
- Jerome upon the Twelve Prophets, and upon the Lamentations of Jeremiah.
- Augustine upon the Trinity.
- Augustine upon Genesis.
- Isidore's Etymology.
- Paterius.
- Augustine on the Words of our Lord.
- Hugo on the Sacraments.
- Cassinus on the Incarnation of our Lord.
- Anselm's Cui Deus Homo.[316]
The reader, I think, will allow that the catalogue enumerates but little unsuitable for a christian's study; he may not admire the principles contained in some of them, or the superstition with which many of them are loaded; but after all there were but few volumes among them from which a Bible reading monk might not have gleaned something good and profitable. These books were transcribed about the end of the thirteenth century, after the catalogue of the monastic library mentioned above was compiled.
Walter Taunton, elected in the year 1322, gave to the library several volumes; and his successor, Adam Sodbury,[317] elected in the same year, increased it with a copy of the whole Bible,[318] a Scholastic history, Lives of Saints, a work on the Properties of Things, two costly Psalters, and a most beautifully bound Benedictional.