[1] See [glossary].
[2] I have ventured to coin the word "supernormal" to be applied to phenomena which are beyond what usually happens—beyond, that is, in the sense of suggesting unknown psychical laws. It is thus formed on the analogy of abnormal. When we speak of an abnormal phenomenon we do not mean one which contravenes natural laws, but one which exhibits them in an unusual or inexplicable form. Similarly by a supernormal phenomenon I mean, not one which overrides natural laws, for I believe no such phenomenon to exist, but one which exhibits the action of laws higher, in a psychical aspect, than are discerned in action in everyday life. By higher (either in a psychical or physiological sense) I mean "apparently belonging to a more advanced stage of evolution."
[3] Other savants of eminence—the great name of Alfred Russel Wallace will occur to all—had also satisfied themselves of the reality of these strange phenomena; but they had not tested or demonstrated that reality with equal care. I am not able in this brief sketch to allude to distinguished men of earlier date—Richard Glanvil, John Wesley, Samuel Johnson, etc., who discerned the importance of phenomena which they had no adequate means of investigating.
[4] The Society for Psychical Research was founded in 1882, Professor W. F. Barrett taking a leading part in its promotion. Henry Sidgwick was its first President, and Edmund Gurney was its first Honorary Secretary—he and I being joint Honorary Secretaries of its Literary Committee, whose business was the collection of evidence.
[5] See, for instance, Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research (henceforth in this book referred to as the S.P.R.), vol. iv. p. 256, Jan. 1887.
[6] See, however, an article in Proceedings S.P.R., vol. xi. pp. 317 to 325, entitled "Subliminal Self or Unconscious Cerebration," by Mr. A. H. Pierce, of Harvard University, with a reply by Mr. F. Podmore.
[7] The difficulty of conceiving any cellular focus, either fixed or shifting, has actually led some psychologists to demand a unifying principle which is not cellular, and yet is not a soul.
[8] Stanley Hall's "Study of Fears," American Journal of Psychology, vol. viii., No. 2, January, 1897. See also "The Use of Hypnotism in the First Degree," by Dr. Russell Sturgis (Boston, 1894).