Lucretia Borgia According to Original Documents and Correspondence of Her Day

by Ferdinand Gregorovius

INDEX

Adriana de Mila, see Mila, Adriana de.
Albret, Charlotte d', married to Cæsar Borgia, [115], [325].
Aldo Manuzio, [132], [305], [327];
in Venice, [340].
Alexander VI, see Borgia, Rodrigo.
Alfonso d'Este, see Este.
Alfonso of Biselli, see Alfonso of Naples.
Alfonso of Naples, [111], [113];
flees from Rome, [116];
attempt on his life, [147];
murdered, [148].
Allegre, Monsignor d', captures Alexander's mistress, [87], [143].
Amboise, Cardinal George d', [115], [169], [296].
Angelo, Michael, first appearance in Rome, [135]; his Pietà, [136].
Aragon, Eleonora of, wife of Ercole d'Este, [54].
Aragona, Camilla Marzana d', wife of Costanza Sforza, [78], [82].
Aragona, Isabella d', of Milan, [334];
guardian of Rodrigo Borgia, [335].
Aragonese of Naples, their fall, [172].
Arignano, Domenico of, [11].
Ariosto, [247], [254], [308]-[309], [311];
his Orlando, [340].
Asolani, i, [31].
Baglione, Giampolo, his cowardice, [99].
Ballet, the, [255].
Bayard, the Chevalier, his opinion of Lucretia, [332].
Behaim, Lorenz, humanist, [32].
Bella, la, or Giulia Bella, [39];
see also Farnese, Giulia.
Bellingeri, Hector, [188].
Bembo, Cardinal, [31];
eulogizes Alexander VI, [100];
condoles Lucretia on Alexander's death, [291];
dedicates his Asolani to Lucretia, [305], [306], [340].
Beneimbeni, notary, [131].
Bentivoglio, Ginevra, [101].
Bisceglie or Biseglia, see Biselli.
Biselli, [111];
Lucretia duchess of, [113].
Biselli, Alfonso of, see Alfonso of Naples.
Borgia, Alfonso, founder of the family, [3].
Borgia, Angela, married to Francesco Maria della Rovere, [115], [223], [310];
wife of Alessandro Pio, [311].
Borgia, Anna de, Princess of Squillace, [334].
Borgia, Beatrice, sister of Alexander VI, [5].
Borgia, Cæsar, his birth, [12];
his moderation, [29];
at the University of Pisa, [39];
made bishop of Valencia, [48];
his personality, [57]-[58];
made cardinal, [65];
crowns Federico, king of Naples, [108];
renounces his cardinalate, [113];
sails for France, [115];
made duke of Valentinois, [115];
marries Charlotte d'Albret, [115];
campaigns in the Romagna, [122], [280];
takes Forli, [139];
correspondence with Ercole d'Este, [145];
letter to Gonzaga, [146];
power over his father, [149];
enters Romagna, [159];
takes Pesaro, [161];
Faenza, [166];
made duke of Romagna, [170];
in Naples, [172];
returns from Naples, [188];
his age, [202];
letter to Lucretia, [280];
treachery of his captains, [283];
letter to Isabella Gonzaga, [285];
taken sick, [286];
loses his estates, [293];
in Nepi, [295], [298];
goes to Naples, [299];
to Spain, [299];
confined in Castle of Seville, [300];
escapes, [317]-[318];
informs Gonzaga of his escape, [319];
his death, [321]-[322];
his character, [323].
Borgia, Catarina, sister of Calixtus III, [4].
Borgia, Francesco, duke of Gandia, enters the Society of Jesus, [364];
general of the order, [365];
dies in Rome and is canonized, [365].
Borgia, Giovanni, duke of Gandia, son of Vannozza, [12], [93].
Borgia, Giovanni, Cardinal, "the elder," made cardinal, [49].
Borgia, Giovanni, Cardinal, "the younger," [116];
death of, [137];
his parentage, [138].
Borgia, Giovanni, "Infante of Rome," his parentage, [192]-[194], [295], [335];
at Lucretia's court, [341]-[342];
his death, [343]-[344].
Borgia, Girolama, daughter of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, [18].
Borgia, Giuffrè, son of Vannozza, his birth, [20];
made archdeacon of Valencia, [40];
marries Donna Sancia, of Naples, [65];
Prince of Squillace, [71];
comes to Rome, [92], [295];
goes to Naples, [299].
Borgia, Isabella, daughter of Cardinal Rodrigo, [19].
Borgia, Isabella, sister of Calixtus III, [4].
Borgia, Juana, sister of Cardinal Rodrigo, [5].
Borgia, Juan Luis, nephew of Calixtus III, [4].
Borgia, Lucretia, daughter of Cardinal Rodrigo and Vannozza, birth, [12]-[13];
her education, [23];
her modesty, [28];
her linguistic attainments, [31];
letters to Bembo, [31];
betrothed to Cherubino Juan de Centelles, [41];
betrothed to Gasparo de Procida, [42];
married to Giovanni Sforza of Pesaro, [58]-[60];
returns to Rome, [86];
goes to the Convent of S. Sisto, [107];
rumors concerning, [109];
divorced from Sforza, [109];
betrothed to Alfonzo of Naples, [111];
becomes duchess of Biselli, [113];
regent of Spoleto, [117];
invested with title to Nepi, [118];
gives birth to a son, [121];
her private life, [125];
her weakness, [151];
goes to Nepi, [151];
letters from there, [155]-[157], [172];
represents the pope in his absence, [173];
charges against her, [175];
objections to her marriage, [184];
nuptials with Alfonso d'Este, [185]-[187];
prepares to depart, [196];
her age, [201];
her dowry, [204]-[207];
her character, [212];
her marriage, [216];
her retinue, [222];
leaves Rome, [225];
journey to Ferrara, [232]-[240];
entrance into Ferrara, [240]-[244];
her person, [247];
fêtes in her honor, [250]-[263];
letter to Isabella Gonzaga, [263];
gives birth to a daughter, [282];
duchess of Ferrara, [303];
her library, [304];
corresponds with Giulia Farnese, [313];
bears a son, [326];
another, [328];
regent of Ferrara, [328];
claims Rodrigo's property, [336];
change in her character, [338];
relations with her husband, [341];
her son, Alessandro, [341];
letter to Isabella Gonzaga, [355];
letter to Leo X, [356];
her death, [357];
place of burial unknown, [358];
portraits of, [358]-[359];
medals of, [359];
posthumous reputation, [361];
her children by Alfonso, [362].
Borgia, Ludovico, governor of Spoleto, [121].
Borgia, Luigi, [325].
Borgia, Luisa, Cæsar's daughter, [325].
Borgia, Pedro Luis, nephew of Calixtus III, [4], [5];
his death, [6].
Borgia, Rodrigo, nephew of Calixtus III, made cardinal, [4];
vice-chancellor, [5];
his sensuality, [7];
his person, [9];
his wealth, [17];
and Adriana Orsini, [23];
witness to marriage of Giulia Farnese and Orsino Orsini, [38];
elected pope, [44];
his coronation, [45];
letter to his daughter, [74];
his abstinence, [94];
secures Lucretia's divorce, [108];
determines to marry Lucretia into house of Naples, [110];
demands hand of Carlotta of Naples for Cæsar, [110];
letter to priors of Spoleto, [117];
assumes control of Nepi, [120];
his intellectual pleasures, [126];
extols Ercole, [188];
his Latin, [189];
falls sick, [197];
letter to the priors of Nepi, [224];
sickness and death, [286];
his immorality, [289]-[291].
Borgia, Rodrigo, nephew of Alexander VI, captain of the papal guard, [49].
Borgia, Rodrigo, son of Lucretia and Alfonso of Naples, his birth, [121], [194], [295]-[296];
his death, [333].
Borgia, Tecla, sister of Cardinal Rodrigo, [5].
Borgias, their coat of arms, [45];
their character, [93]-[94];
family, [203].
Brandolini, Aurelio, [126].
Bull-fighting in Rome, [220].
Burchard, [125];
his diary, [129]-[131], [177], [289].
Cagnolo of Parma, his description of Lucretia, [248].
Calcagnini, Celio, bridal song, [246], [340].
Calixtus III, [4];
his death, [6].
Calvin, [363].
Cambray, League of, [327].
Canale, Carlo, [21]-[22].
Capello, Polo, account of Cæsar, [177], [180].
Caracciolo, his De Varietate Fortunæ, [334].
Caranza, Pedro, privy-chamberlain, [49].
Carlotta of Naples, [110].
Carlotta, Queen of Cyprus, [32].
Castelli, Adriano, [132].
Castiglione, [31], [250], [305].
Castle Vecchio, description of, [270]-[272].
Catanei, see Vannozza Catanei.
Cavalliere, Bartolomeo, letter of, [182].
Caviceo, Jacopo, dedicates his Peregrino to Lucretia, [308].
Centelles, Cherubino Juan de, betrothal to Lucretia, [41].
Charles V, [4], [327].
Charles VIII, [62];
enters Italy, [87];
retreats, [90].
Chrysoleras, [32].
Cieco, Francesco, his Mambriano, [277].
Classic culture, [26].
Collenuccio, Pandolfo, poet and orator, [85];
letter to Ercole, [161], [293]-[294];
his death, [295].
Colonna, Vittoria, [30], [136], [142].
Copernicus in Rome, [129].
Cortegiano, il, [31].
Cosenza, Cardinal of, [191];
Rodrigo Borgia's guardian, [297].
Costa, Michele, [339].
Cotrone, Marchesana of, letter to Gonzaga, [253].
Croce, Giorgio de, husband of Vannozza, [12], [20].
Dance, the, during the Renaissance, [253].
Decio, Philippo, jurisprudent, [40].
Della Rovere, see Rovere.
Dianti, Laura Eustochia, mistress of Alfonso d'Este, [362], [366].
Diplovatazio, Giorgio, [84].
Dossi, Dosso, [278], [339].
Drama, the, [128].
Eleonora of Aragon, wife of Ercole d'Este, [270].
Enriquez, Maria, wife of Giovanni Borgia, duke of Gandia, [64].
Este, palaces of the, [244];
their history, [266]-[270];
family expires in Alfonso II, [366].
Este, Alfonso d', [54];
projected marriage with Lucretia, [167], [182];
greets his bride, [236];
becomes duke of Ferrara, [303];
conspiracy against, [315];
suspected of the murder of Strozzi, [327];
under ban of Julius II, [331];
asks the pope's forgiveness, [333];
attends coronation of Leo X, [338];
cultivates the arts, [339];
letter to his nephew on Lucretia's death, [357].
Este, Alfonso II, d', succeeds to throne of Ferrara, [366].
Este, Alfonso Luigi d', son of Renée, [365].
Este, Anna d', wife of the duke of Guise, [366].
Este, Beatrice d', wife of Ludovico il Moro, [54].
Este, Ercole d', [54];
letter to Alexander VI, [55];
letter to Gonzaga, [186];
to his envoys, [198];
relations with Lucretia, [205];
present to her, [217];
letter to Alexander VI, [265];
congratulates Cæsar, [284];
letter to Seregni, [287];
to Lucretia regarding her son Rodrigo, [297]-[298];
his death, [303].
Este, Ercole II, d', duke of Ferrara, [362], [364].
Este, Ferrante d', his imprisonment and death, [316].
Este, Giulio d', attack on, [310];
its consequences, [315];
his imprisonment and death, [316].
Este, Ippolito d', [56];
made cardinal, [65], [186], [310].
Este, Isabella d', wife of Francesco Gonzaga of Montua, her learning, [30], [54];
meets Lucretia, [239], [245];
her beauty
and vanity, [252];
letter to Lucretia, [263];
congratulates Cæsar on his successes, [284];
predilection for the arts, [340].
Estouteville, Cardinal, his children, [54].
Farnese, Alessandro, [36]-[37];
made cardinal, [65].
Farnese, family, [36]-[37].
Farnese, Girolama, [65], [312].
Farnese, Giulia, [35];
her betrothal, [37];
marriage, [38], [39];
"the pope's concubine," [63], [65];
her daughter, Laura, [66];
"Christ's bride," [66];
her beauty, [69];
captured by the French, [87], [123], [311];
her death, [314].
Fedeli, Cassandra, [28], [30].
Federico of Naples, consents to betrothal of Alfonso and Lucretia, [110].
Ferdinand of Naples, congratulates Sforza on his marriage, [62].
Ferdinand of Spain, [299], [302].
Ferno, Michele, describes Alexander's coronation, [46]-[48], [129].
Ferrara, [191];
Lucretia enters, [240]-[244];
description of, [272]-[278].
Ferrari, Cardinal, [185], [224].
Filosseno, Marcello, sonnets to Lucretia, [308].
Florence, her fear of Cæsar, [202].
Foix, Gaston de, [332].
Gaetani, family, [122];
their property given Lucretia, [123];
return to Sermoneta, [296].
Gambara, Veronica, her learning, [30].
Gandia (see also Giovanni Borgia), Duke of, gonfalonier, [103];
murder of, [105]-[106];
his heir, [106], [177].
Garofalo, Benvenuto, [278], [339].
Ghibbelines, [14].
Gonsalvo, [299].
Gonzaga, Elisabetta, her pilgrimage to Rome, [140];
letter to her brother, Francesco Gonzaga, [140]-[142].
Gonzaga, Isabella, see Este, Isabella d'.
Gradara, Castle of, [83].
Greek, study of, [32].
Guelf III of Swabia, [267].
Guelphs, [14].
Guicciardini, Francesco, his charges against Lucretia, [176].
Imola, attacked by Cæsar Borgia, [121].
Infessura, [11], [24].
Inghirami, Phædra, [128].
Inquisition, the, [365].
Jovius, Paul, his opinion of Lucretia, [338].
Jubilee of 1500, [137], [140].
Julius II (see also Rovere, Giuliano della), [298], [312];
offends Lucretia, [313];
takes Perugia and Bologna, [317];
forms League of Cambray, [327];
places Alfonso under his ban, [331];
his death, [338].
Lanzol family, [4].
Leo X, [338];

his court, [340].
Literature during the Renaissance, [96].
Lopez, Juan, made chancellor, [49].
Louis XII, [116];
takes Milan, [121];
opposes marriage of Lucretia and Alfonso d'Este, [169];
congratulates Alexander VI, [198].
Loyola, Ignatius, [4], [364].
Lucia of Viterbo, Sister, [257].
Ludovico il Moro, [45]; hatred of the pope, [89].
Macchiavelli, his theory of the ruler, [98]-[99];
his "Prince," [100].
Majolica, [83].
Malatesta, the, of Rimini, [77].
Malatesta, Sigismondo, [25].
Malipiero, letter of, [180].
Manfredi, Astorre, surrenders to Cæsar, [166].
Mantua, Isabella of, see Este, Isabella d'.
Mantua, Marquis of, his letter on Alexander's death, [288].
Manuzio, Aldo, see Aldo Manuzio.
Marades, Juan, made privy-chancellor, [49].
Marot, Clement, at court of Renée, [363].
Matarazza of Perugia, [178]-[179].
Matilda, Countess, [267].
Maximilian, Emperor, opposition to Lucretia's marriage, [184], [329].
Melini, the brothers, [127].
Micheletto, confesses that Alfonso of Biselli was murdered by Alexander's orders, [346].
Mila or Mella family, [4].
Mila, Adriana, [5];
married to Ludovico Orsini, [23].
Montefeltre, the, [232].
Montefeltre, Agnesina di, [142].
Nepi, [119];
given to Ascanio Sforza, [120];
description of, [152]-[155];
unhealthful climate of [158].
Nepotism, [14].
Novel, the, during the Renaissance, [26].
Nugarolla, Isotta, her learning, [30].
Orsini, Adriana (see also Mila, Adriana de), captured by the French, [87], [223].
Orsini, Laura, daughter of the pope, [66];
betrothed to Federico Farnese, [114];
betrothed to Raimondo Farnese, [312].
Orsini, Orsino, [23];
betrothed to Giulia Farnese, [37];
the marriage, [38].
Paniciatus, N. Marius, his poems in honor of Lucretia, [245].
Paul III, [36].
Pazzi conspiracy, the, [14].
Perotto, [177].
Perugino, [100], [133].
Pesaro, history of, [76]-[79];
description of, [79]-[86];
captured by Cæsar Borgia, [161].
Pesaro, Giovanni of, see Sforza, Giovanni.
Philosophy, study of, during the Renaissance, [29].
Piccolomini, Cardinal, his children, [34];
elected pope, [296].
Pietà of Michael Angelo, [136].
Pinturicchio, [100];
his portrait of Giulia Farnese, [133];
portraits of the Borgias, [134].
Pius II, admonitory letter to Cardinal Borgia, [7].
Pius III, [296].
Poliziano, Angelo, [21].
Pollajuolo, Antonio, sculptor, [134].
Pompilio, Paolo, dedicates his Syllabica to Cæsar Borgia, [39], [129].
Pontanus, [125];
his epigrams, [176].
Porcaro, the, adherents of the Borgias, [46];
the brothers, [127].
Posthumus, Guido, see Silvester, Guido Posthumus.
Pozzi, Gianlucca, [185];
description of Lucretia, [213];
letter to Ercole d'Este, [220], [229]-[232].
Prete, el, his account of Lucretia's wedding, [214]-[215], [218].
Principe il, [100].
Procida, Gasparo de, betrothed to Lucretia, [42];
the contract dissolved, [51], [111].
Pucci, Lorenzo, [66];
letter to his brother, [67].
Pucci, Puccio, [37], [65].
Ravenna, battle of, [332].
Reformation, the, [363].
Renaissance, the, education of women during, [24]-[33];
immorality during, [96]-[101], [135];
the theater, [97], [251];
traveling, [208];
the dance, [253];
dress, [260].
Renée of France, wife of Ercole II, [362]-[363];
placed in convent, [365];
dies in France, [365].
Requesenz, [300], [319], [321].
Reuchlin, in Rome, [131].
Romagna, Duke of, see Borgia, Cæsar.
Rome, society of, [133];
sack of, [362].
Romolini, Francesco, [40].
Romolini, Raimondo, goes to Rome, [182].
Rovere, Francesco Maria della, secures Pesaro, [331].
Rovere, Giuliano della (see also Julius II), his children, [34];
goes to France to urge Charles VIII to invade Italy, [73], [115], [196];
becomes pope, [298], [314].
Sadoleto, [340].
Sancia of Naples, Donna, gossip concerning, [95];
banished from Rome, [134];
her death, [334].
Sangallo, Antonio di, Alexander's architect, [134].
Sannazzaro, his epigrams, [125], [176].
Sanuto, Marino, his diary, [178], [289].
Saraceni, [188]; letter regarding the bridal escort, [199]-[201];
letter to Ercole d'Este, [220], [222]-[232].
Savonarola, [95], [276].
Serafina of Aquila, [126].
Sermoneta, [122].
Sessa, see Suessa.
Sforza, the palace of, [81];
tragedies among, [334].
Sforza, Ascanio, made vice-chancellor, [44];
joins the Colonna, [73];
leaves Rome, [116], [143].
Sforza, Battista, her learning, [30].
Sforza, Blanca, [183], [185].
Sforza, Cattarina, [101];
surrenders to Cæsar, [139];
her life, [139];
released, [143];
her death, [144].
Sforza, Galeazzo, succeeds Giovanni, [331].
Sforza, Ginevra, [28].
Sforza, Giovanni, of Pesaro, offered Lucretia's hand, [50];
betrothed to her, [52];
marriage, [58];
his person, [59];
his relations with the pope uncertain, [71];
letter to his uncle, Ludovico il Moro, [71];
leaves Rome, [73];
returns, [102];
flees from Rome, [104];
protests against divorce, [108];
divorced from Lucretia, [109];
appeals to Gonzaga for help, [159]-[160];
leaves Pesaro, [160], [179];
returns to Pesaro, [294];
his death, [330].
Sforza, Ippolita, [28].
Sforza, Ludovico, captured by king of France, [143].
Silvester, Guido Posthumus, poet, [85], [179].
Sixtus IV, [14].
Soriano, defeat of the pope at, [104].
Sperulo, Francesco, Cæsar's court poet, [126].
Spoleto, the castle of, [119].
Squillace, Prince of, see Borgia, Giuffrè.
Stage, the, during the Renaissance, [97].
Strozzi, Ercole, eulogizes Cæsar Borgia, [100];
poem on death of Cæsar, [324];
murder of, [326].
Strozzi, father and son, [277], [307].
Suessa, Giovanni Borgia, duke of, [71].
Taro, battle of the, [91].
Tasso, Torquato, his Aminta, [83], [366].
Tebaldeo, Antonio, [277], [308], [340].
Theology, study of, during the Renaissance, [29].
Tiepoli, Ginevra, wife of Giovanni Sforza, [330].
Tisio, Benvenuto, see Garofalo.
Titian, [327].
Torelli, Barbara, [327].
Trivulzia of Milan, [29].
Troche, Cæsar's confidant, [191].
Urbino, Elisabetta of, her learning, [30];
her beauty, [252].
Urbino, Guidobaldo of, in command of papal troops, [102].
Valentino or Valentinois, see Borgia, Cæsar.
Vannozza Catanei, mistress of Rodrigo Borgia, [10];
her children, [12];
her home, [15];
marriage to Carlo Canale, [22], [295];
charged with theft, [346];
gives her house to Church of S. Maria del Popolo, [346];
her last years, [347]-[351];
her bequests, [351];
her death, [351];
her obsequies, [353].
Vasari, his account of Pinturicchio's work, [133].
Vatican, the orgy in, [178];
life in, [189].
Villa Imperiale, [83].
Vinci, Leonardo da, [100].
Virago, meaning of the term, [28], [101].
Zambotto, Bernardino, his description of Lucretia, [247].

---

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Zurita, Anales de Aragon, v. 36.

[2] Zurita (iv, 55) says he died sin dexar ninguna sucesion. Notwithstanding this, Cittadella, in his Saggio di Albero Genealogico e di memorie su la Familia Borgia (Turin, 1872), ascribes two children to this Pedro Luis, Silvia and Cardinal Giovanni Borgia, the younger.

[3] Raynaldus, 1460. No. 31.

[4] Statura procerus, colore medio, nigris oculis, ore paululum pleniore. Hieron. Portius, Commentarius, a rare publication of 1493, in the Casanatense in Rome.

[5] Gianandrea Boccaccio to the duke, Rome, February 25 and March 11, 1493. State archives of Modena.