Summary of Cases Delivered in the Lying-in Wards of Liverpool Workhouse 1868–9–70.
Years Total
1868 1869 1870
Number of women attended in labour: natural 511 443 442 1,396
Number of women attended in labour: premature 4 1 15[[12]] 20
Number of women attended in labour: married 164 159 142 465
Number of women attended in labour: single 351 285 300 936
 Males born 295 223 228 746
 Females born 216 225 223 664
Mothers who died in or from labour 2[[13]] 2[[14]] 2[[15]] 6
 Children born dead 79 58 58 195
Women confined at or above 40 years of age 8 4 9 21
Women confined at or below 20 years of age 105 98 81 284
Greatest age at delivery 46 42 44
Youngest age at delivery 17 16 15
Number of first confinements 223 207 105 535
 Twin births 1 5 7 13
 Triplets 0 0 1 1
Labours followed by flooding 3 0 0 3
Labours accompanied by convulsions 2 1 2 5
Labours accompanied by retained placenta 3 0 3 6
 Forceps cases 7 4 4 15
 Craniotomy cases 1 0 0 1
 Version cases 2 0 1 3
Presentations: head 484 426 425 1,335
Presentations: breech 22 12 15 49
Presentations: feet 4 10 11 25
Presentations: arm 1 0 0 1

Subjoined is also a Table of the deaths and causes of death year by year for 13 years:—

Summary of Deaths and Causes of Death in the Lying-in Wards of Liverpool Workhouse for Years 1858–1870.
1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870
Morbus cordis 2 1 1 1
Pneumonia 1 1 1
Puerperal peritonitis 1 1 1 6 2 2 3
Phthisis 1 1 1 1
Debility 2
Epileptic convulsions 1 2 1 1
Puerperal fever 1 1 1
Jaundice 1
Phlegmasia dolens 1
Exhaustion 2 1
Relapsing fever 1
Measles 1
  Inquest 1
Laryngitis 1
Obstructed labour 1
Typhus, post partum 1
Hæmorrhage 1 1
Uræmia 1
Rupture of uterus 1
Bright’s disease 1
Invaginated bowel 1
Instrumental labour (fever) 1
Metritis 1
Dropsy 1
Deaths 7 5 9 7 7 2 5 3 4 3 2 2 2
Approximate deliveries:[[16]] average estimated at 500 per ann. 450 625 511 443 442

Let us now see what the arrangements are for this class of cases. The lying-in department of Liverpool workhouse is situated in a wing of the female general hospital, contiguous to the surgical wards. The wing has windows along the two opposite sides and at one end; but the space is so divided off by partitions as to form five wards, each of which has windows along one side only. The wards are allotted in the following manner:—

Two of them, opening into each other, and facing the same way, contain each twelve double beds, affording accommodation for 24 inmates per ward, 48 in all, at 345 cubic feet per inmate. These two wards are devoted to the reception of pregnant women before delivery. The opposite half of the wing is divided into two wards, corresponding to the two pregnant wards; one of these is the delivery ward, and contains seven beds, at nearly 1,200 cubic feet per bed.

Entering from this delivery ward is the lying-in ward, lighted by windows at the end. This ward contains 14 beds, at 900 cubic feet per bed. The other ward, entering from the delivery ward in the same line, is for convalescents, and contains eleven beds, at 762 cubic feet per bed. The W. C.’s, &c., are between the wards in the wing, in a very objectionable position.

For these and the following details I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Barnes, who also supplied me with the statistics abstracted on Table V.

The following is the routine management of this establishment:—

All the wards are lime-washed three or four times a year. They are shut up and fumigated after the occurrence of any serious case of illness. The floors are washed daily.

The beds in the pregnant, lying-in, and convalescent wards, are generally all or most of them occupied; but the number of occupied beds in the delivery ward rarely exceeds four or five.