A tractor with large plane forward built by F. W. Curtis

Model built by William Robinson

How large may a model aeroplane be made with good results?

None of the successful strand motor models at present exceed five feet in length. This would seem to be the practical limit at which a model may be carried with this motive power. Flights of more than 1,500 feet have been made with models but two feet in length. When regular engines are installed there is of course no limit to the size of models.

When was the first model aeroplane constructed?

Crude machines propelled through the air by twisted rubber strands were used as playthings more than a century ago. The model built and flown by Langeley in 1887, was probably the first machine to appear on the lines now generally followed by aeronauts. Successful model aeroplanes have been used as toys for less than five years. Their development in this period has been remarkable.

Are the equations for calculating the thrust of propeller in terms of wing area and skin friction and general proportions useful in designing model aeroplanes?

Only in a general way. When the dimensions are very small these complicated equations are misleading. They are for the most part extremely complicated and for this reason we have avoided them entirely in the present volume. Much better results may be obtained by proceeding merely by the rule of thumb, and testing out the proportions of your aeroplane by actual practice.

What is the American indoor record for model aeroplanes?