[476]. Proben der Volkslitteratur der türkischen Stämme Süd-Siberiens, St. Petersburg, 1866 ff.

[477]. Ibid., III. xix. See above on the closed account. Exotic literature, and the mullas, learned poets, Radloff declares, are slowly driving out folksong of every sort.

[478]. For a study of the artistic side of this improvised song, see Chap. VIII. Here the communal conditions are to be emphasized, and the basis of unvaried repetition is to be inferred.

[479]. Radloff, III. 34, note; 41.

[480]. Compare Hildebrand in the older lay, bidding his son Hathubrand put him to the test of genealogies:—

“ibu dû mî ênan sagês, ik mî dê ôdre uuêt,

chind, in chuninerîche: chûd ist mî al irmindeot.”

[481]. Radloff, III. 48 f.

[482]. The so-called Oelong, with rime or assonance. Ibid., III. xxii. The quatrain, as Usener points out in his Altgriechischer Versbau, seems to have been the favourite measure for popular verse.

[483]. Ibid., I. 218 ff.