Boston, Massachusetts,
August 10, 1909.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Introduction [1]
Calorimeter laboratory [3]
General plan of calorimeter laboratory [3]
Heating and ventilating [7]
The calorimeter [10]
Fundamental principles of the apparatus [10]
The calorimeter chamber [11]
General construction [14]
Prevention of radiation [17]
The thermo-electric elements [19]
Interior of the calorimeter [20]
Heat-absorbing circuit [22]
Thermometers [26]
Mercurial thermometers [26]
Electric-resistance thermometers [28]
Air-thermometers [28]
Wall thermometers [29]
Electrical rectal thermometer [29]
Electric-resistance thermometers for the water-current [29]
Observer's table [31]
Connections to thermal-junction systems [33]
Rheostat for heating [34]
Wheatstone bridges [34]
Galvanometer [35]
Resistance for heating coils [35]
Temperature recorder [36]
Fundamental principle of the apparatus [38]
The galvanometer [39]
The creeper [40]
The clock [42]
Installation of the apparatus [42]
Temperature control of the ingoing air [43]
The heat of vaporization of water [44]
The bed calorimeter [45]
Measurements of body-temperature [48]
Control experiments with the calorimeter [50]
Determination of the hydrothermal equivalent of the calorimeter [52]
General description of the respiration apparatus [54]
Testing the chamber for tightness [54]
Ventilation of the chamber [54]
Openings in the chamber [55]
Ventilating air-current [57]
Blower [57]
Absorbers for water-vapor [58]
Potash-lime cans [60]
Balance for weighing absorbers [61]
Purification of the air-current with sodium bicarbonate [63]
Valves [63]
Couplings [64]
Absorber table [65]
Oxygen supply [67]
Automatic control of oxygen supply [69]
Tension equalizer [71]
Barometer [72]
Analysis of residual air [73]
Gas-meter [75]
Calculation of results [76]
Analysis of oxygen [76]
Advantage of a constant-temperature room and temperature control [77]
Variations in the apparent volume of air [77]
Changes in volume due to the absorption of water and carbon dioxide [78]
Respiratory loss [78]
Calculation of the volume of air residual in the chamber [79]
Residual analyses [80]
Calculation from residual analyses [80]
Influence of fluctuations in temperature and pressure on the apparent volume of air in the system [83]
Influence of fluctuations in the amounts of carbon dioxide and water-vapor upon residual oxygen [83]
Control of residual analyses [84]
Nitrogen admitted with the oxygen [84]
Rejection of air [85]
Interchange of air in the food aperture [85]
Use of the residual blank in the calculations [86]
Abbreviated method of computation of oxygen admitted to the chamber for use during short experiments [88]
Criticism of the method of calculating the volume of oxygen [89]
Calculation of total output of carbon dioxide and water-vapor and oxygen absorption [91]
Control experiments with burning alcohol [91]
Balance for weighing subject [93]
Pulse rate and respiration rate [95]
Routine of an experiment with man [96]
Preparation of subject [96]
Sealing in the cover [97]
Routine at observer's table [97]
Manipulation of the water-meter [98]
Absorber table [99]
Supplemental apparatus [100]
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Fig. 1. General plan of respiration calorimeter laboratory [4]
2. General view of laboratory taken near main door [4]
3. General view of laboratory taken near refrigeration room [4]
4. General view of laboratory taken near temperature recorder [4]
5. View of laboratory taken from entrance of bed calorimeter [4]
6. Plan of heating and ventilating the calorimeter laboratory [6]
7. Horizontal cross-section of chair calorimeter [11]
8. Vertical cross-section of chair calorimeter [12]
9. Vertical cross-section of chair calorimeter from front to back [13]
10. Photograph of framework of chair calorimeter [14]
11. Photograph of portion of framework and copper shell [14]
12. Cross-section in detail of walls of calorimeter [16]
13. Detail of drop-sight feed-valve and arrangement of outside cooling circuit [18]
14. Schematic diagram of water-circuit for the heat-absorbers of the calorimeter [22]
15. Detail of air-resistance thermometer [28]
16. Details of resistance thermometers for water-circuit [30]
17. Diagram of wiring of observer's table [32]
18. Diagram of rheostat and resistances in series with it [36]
19. Diagram of wiring of differential circuit with shunts used with resistance thermometers for water-circuit [38]
20. Diagram of galvanometer coil, used with recording apparatus for resistance thermometers in water-circuit [40]
21. Diagram of wiring of circuits actuating plunger and creeper [41]
22. Diagram of wiring of complete 110-volt circuit [41]
23. Temperature recorder [42]
24. Detailed wiring diagram showing all parts of the recording apparatus, together with wiring to thermometers [42]
25. Section of calorimeter walls and portion of ventilating air-circuit [43]
26. Cross-section of bed calorimeter [46]
27. Diagram of ventilation of the respiration calorimeter [57]
28. Cross-section of sulphuric acid absorber [59]
29. Balance for weighing absorbers [62]
30. Diagram of absorber table [66]
31. Diagram of oxygen balance and cylinders [68]
32. The oxygen cylinder and connections to tension equalizer [70]