Rangifer arcticus arcticus. . .: R. M. Anderson, 1938: 400 (perhaps no great reduction in numbers, but some shifting of range from human encroachments and fire; wintering S. to n. Manitoba and Saskatchewan and ne. Alberta; estimate of 3,000,000).
Rangifer arcticus. . .: Hamilton, 1939: 109 (hoofs; function of fat); 244-247 (migrations); 246, 352, 359 (importance to Indians and Eskimos); 247 (influence of mosquitoes on movements; sexual segregation); 301 (distribution determined by insect pests); 359 (immense herd in ne. Saskatchewan).
Rangifer arcticus arcticus Richardson: Murie, 1939: 239 (Mackenzie River to Hudson Bay and Baffin Island, including some of the Arctic islands; diagnosis); 244 (antlers; pelage; migration; rut in September and October); 245 (food; ankle click; voice; gait; senses; insect pests; Wolves and other predators); 245-246 (danger from introduction of Reindeer); 246 (adaptation to environment).
Rangifer arcticus (Richardson): Clarke, 1940: 5, 7 (dependence of Indians and Eskimos on caribou); 8-9 (Rum Lake country a wintering ground; Eskimos from Back’s River to Wager Inlet and Baker Lake dependent on winter caribou; likewise those at Beverly, Aberdeen, and Schultz lakes); 11 (great winter herd S. and W. of Bathurst Inlet); 65 (fluctuations; current abundance in Hanbury-Thelon region and scarcity at Baker Lake); 70 (parasites; diseases); 84 (economic importance); 85-86 (migrating southward in late July in Thelon Game Sanctuary and at Tourgis Lake, in early August at Hanbury, Artillery, Clinton-Colden, and Aylmer lakes, and from early August to late September at Taltson River and Thekulthili and Nonacho lakes; in autumn near Lac de Gras and on upper Back’s River; in autumn and winter at Reliance and Snowdrift); 87-90 (at least 100,000 migrating N. in early July at Hanbury and Thelon rivers, including does with month-old fawns); 89, 90 (molt); 91 (previous records in Thelon Sanctuary region); 92-93 (near Lake Athabaska and Slave River and at Hill Island Lake in early August; Wood Buffalo Park in winter; the various groups and their movements defined); 93-95 (early ideas of migrations); 95 (fallacies; sexual segregation; antlers; influence of flies); 96-97 (details of migratory movements; retrograde autumnal movement); 98 (extermination of bands formerly migrating from mainland to Victoria and King William islands); 98-100 (irregular migrations; influences—such as wide open waters, overgrazing, and fires—affecting migrations); 101-104 (carrying capacity of range; numbers estimated at 3,000,000; increase and decrease); 104-106 (accidents); 106-107 (effects of fire and overgrazing; food); 107-110 (wolves and other predators); 110 (hunting and its effects); 112 (importance to natives).
Rangifer arcticus arcticus (Richardson): G. M. Allen, 1942: 297 (mainstay of Eskimos and Indians); 297-298 (description); 298-299 (Hudson Bay to Mackenzie River, N. to Banks and Victoria Islands, Boothia, Southampton and Baffin Islands, S. to Churchill River, Reindeer Lake, and ne. Alberta; migratory habit; shift of range due to human crowding and destruction of winter forage by fire); 299 (increased slaughter in winter range; reduction on Southampton Island).
“Caribou”: Manning, 1942: 28 (rapidly reduced on Southampton Island after establishment of a post in 1924); 29 (insufficient skins for Eskimo clothing); 29 (wolves, for lack of caribou, became extinct on Southampton by 1937).
Rangifer arcticus arcticus (Richardson): Soper, 1942: 143 (in 1932-33, E. of Fort Smith, S. to 30th base line; along N. shore of Lake Athabaska to Fond du Lac; W. of Slave River, between Lobstick Creek and Grand Detour and into Wood Buffalo Park; Tethul River to Tsu Lake and Taltson River; in 1933-34, crossing Slave River from E. in vicinity of Caribou and Stony Islands and Buffalo Landing, and feeding on goose grass [= Equisetum, fide Raup, 1933: 39]).
“Caribou”: Downes, 1943: 203 (Windy Lake, late July); 215 (1925-26 and 1938-39 bad years for caribou on upper Kazan River; consequent mortality among Eskimos); 221 (Red River, July 28); 224, 249, 250 (Simons’ Lake); 226 (grunting; shaking heads on account of flies; buck with winter pelage); 227 (butchering operation); 228 (use of antlers and hoofs; feeding on dwarf birch; protecting carcasses from gulls); 236-237 (antics of a buck); 253 (Red River); 255 (warble and nostril flies); 256 (does beginning to appear; swimming ability); 256-257 (snuffing, snorting, and coughing); 258-260 (estimates of numbers); 260 (change of migration routes through human activities and forest fires); 261-262 (effect of natives and wolves); pl. following p. 296 (Kasmere River).
Rangifer arcticus (Richardson): Manning, 1943a: 47 (recent depletion by Eskimos); 49-52 (w. Baffin Island; Koukdjuak and Hantzsch rivers; Bowman, Taverner, Wordie, and Harbour bays; Tweedsmuir Islands; Baird Peninsula; Lake Nettilling; Cumberland Sound; Fury and Hecla Strait); 50 (summer and winter droppings; exterminated from most of Foxe Peninsula); 51 (estimated population in central western Baffin Island 10,000); 51-52 (migratory movements); 52 (sexual segregation and herding; females bearing young at end of second year); 52-53 (antler growth and shedding); 53 (molt; development of warble flies, and their scarcity in fawns; accumulation of fat); 55 (annual kill by wolves on w. Baffin Island estimated at 2,000 animals over one year of age).
“Caribou”: Manning, 1943b: 103 (former migration—now ceased—from the S. to Melville Peninsula, where the animals are now scarce; still numerous on Baffin Island N. of Fury and Hecla Strait; fairly numerous, Repulse Bay to Chesterfield Inlet; dearth of skins for Eskimo clothing; numerous herds about Piling, Baffin Island).