[26] Gardner, ibid. p. 6.
[27] See Note 1 at p. 6 of Chap. iii.
[28] Strabo, xi. 8. 2.
[29] This sentiment finds many echoes in Latin literature. Cf. Odes and Epistles of Horace, passim. It is curious to note the identity between the tactics of the Parthians and those of the hordes of Chingiz and Tīmūr. The usual charge of bad faith is brought by the Romans against their terrible enemies.
[30] The Straits of Yenekale.
[31] The three great reformers Lao-tse, Kung-fu-tse (Confucius), and Meng-tse (Mencius) flourished under the princes of this dynasty.
[32] The greatest calamity which this ruthless despot inflicted on his country was the wholesale destruction of literature which he ordered, in view of keeping his people in ignorance. This atrocious measure was attended by the slaughter of many learned men. Cf. Legge, Analects of Confucius, p. 6.
[33] Also called Khamil, a town about 700 miles east of Kulja.
[34] According to Richthofen, the Yué-Chi were of Tibetan stock, but Vambéry and Gerard de Realle assert that they were Turks. Their nidus was to the north-east of Tangut.
[35] Cunningham, Survey of India, vol. ii. p. 62.