[816]. See Chap. IV, Vol. I. p. 123 supra.
[817]. Cumont, T. et M. I. pp. 19-20, relies on a passage quoted by Damascius from a certain Eudemos who may or may not be Eudemos of Rhodes (Alexander’s contemporary) that, “of the Magi and all the warrior [or Medic: ἄρειον] race some call the intelligible” [i.e. that which can be apprehended by the mind only and not by the senses] “and united universe Topos (place), while others of them call it Chronos (Time), and that from this universe are to be distinguished a good God and evil demon; or as some say, prior to these, Light and Darkness.” “Both the one and the other school therefore,” Damascius goes on, “after the undivided Nature, make the double series of the higher powers distinct from one another, of one of which they make Oromasdes the leader, and of the other Arimanius.” It seems evident from the above words, that only a certain sect of the Magi in the time of this Eudemos put Time at the head of their pantheon. Cf. Cory’s Ancient Fragments, 1832, pp. 318, 319.
[818]. Cumont, T. et M. I. p. 19.
[819]. See “The Lion-headed God of the Mithraic Mysteries,” P.S.B.A. 1912, pp. 125-142, and p. 251 infra.
[820]. Darmesteter, Ormuzd et Ahriman, Paris, 1877, p. 1, quoting a lost book of Aristotle mentioned by Diogenes Laertius.
[821]. Cumont, T. et M. II. p. 326 and Fig. 193.
[822]. Op. cit. II. p. 336, reproduced in the article in the P.S.B.A. quoted in n. 2, p. [237] supra. In the collection of busts of the gods on the arch surrounding the Tauroctony at Bologna, the head of Zeus wearing the modius of Serapis appears with six others who, reading from left to right, are the Sun, Saturn, Venus, Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and the Moon. Although Jupiter here occupies the centre and place of honour, it is probable that both he and the other gods are here merely symbols of the planets. See Cumont, op. cit. II. p. 261 and Fig. 99.
[823]. Op. cit. II. p. 349, and Pl. VI. So in the bas-relief of Sarrebourg, unfortunately much mutilated (op. cit. II. p. 514), a similar assembly of gods includes Neptune, Bacchus, and Vulcan, who are certainly not gods of the planets.
[824]. For these inscriptions, see Cumont, op. cit. t. II., Inscriptions 80 (p. 107), 129 (p. 115), 318 (p. 140), 386 (p. 149), 522 (p. 167), and 470 (p. 160).
[825]. Op. cit. II. p. 98.