[426] Reynolds v. United States, 98 U. S., 145 (1878).
[427] Davis v. Beason, 133 U. S., 333.
[428] Cooley, Principles of Constitutional Law, 3d Edition, 226. As to “Readings from the Bible” in public schools, see Pfeiffer v. Board of Education, 77 N. W. Reporter, 250 (1898); State ex rel. Weiss v. District Board, 76 Wisconsin, 177 (1890).
[429] People v. Ruggles, 8 Johns (N. Y.), 290. The exemption from taxation of property belonging to religious bodies (corporations) is not because of any fundamental right of such bodies to exemption, but because of the will of the legislature. It is a matter of policy.
[430] The winning of these and other fundamental rights is largely the subject of English constitutional history.
[431] So expressed in many State constitutions, as Pennsylvania, 1873, i., 7.
[432] A right fully established at the trial of the Seven Bishops, 1688.
[433] United States v. Cruikshank, 92 U. S., 542 (1875).
[434] West v. Cabell, 153 U. S., 78; Weeks v. U. S., 232 U. S., 383; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wallace, 2; U. S. v. Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co., 236 U. S., 318; U. S. v. Boyd, 116 U. S., 616 (the leading case), and Cotting v. Kansas City Stock Yards Co., 183 U. S., 79 (1901).
[435] Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wallace, 168 (1808); Blake v. McClung, 172 U. S., 239 (1898); Lockner v. New York, 198 U. S., 45 (1905).