[486] Idem.
[487] Idem. and citing Ex parte Yarbrough 110 U. S., 651 (already considered in the present Chapter) and Neal v. Delaware, 103 U. S., 370. The decisions of the Supreme Court do not conflict with a State constitution that requires, as a qualification for voting, a literacy test, or a religious test, or a property test, or indeed any test which is not a discrimination on account of race color or previous condition of servitude.
[488] Calder v. Bull, 3 Dallas, 386 (1798); Kring v. Missouri, 107 U. S., 221 (1882); Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343 (1898). All the State constitutions forbid ex post facto laws.
The right secured to the citizen by the constitutional inhibition of ex post facto legislation forms part of his, or her, privileges and immunities; for though the inhibition cannot be said to be derived from the common law,—and may be said to be essentially statutory, it has become recognized as a fundamental right and of rank with any other fundamental right.
[489] Hollinger v. Davis, 146 U. S., 314 (1892).
[490] Idem.
[491] Boyd v. United States, 116 U. S., 616 (1886). The right covers “persons, houses, papers, and effects.” Art. iv.
[492] Harris v. People, 128 Illinois, 585 (1889).
[493] Art. v., Act of February 11, 1893, Statutes at Large, 443; Brown v. Walker, 161 U. S., 591 (1896).
[494] Amendment VI. Mattox v. United States, 156 U. S., 237 (1895).