France and England in North America, Part VII, Vol 2: A Half-Century of Conflict

by Francis Parkman

“Your Grace’s most Devoted

“and most Obedient Servant

“W Shirley.”

INDEX.

• Abenaki Indians, the, i. 36;
  • villages of, i. 36;
  • their treacherous conference with Governor Dudley, i. 36-38;
  • Queen Anne’s War due more to the French than to, i. 46, 47;
  • spurred on by the French against New England, i. 48, 56;
  • join an expedition against New England, i. 96;
  • claimed as subjects by both the French and the English, i. 185;
  • Father Rale among, i. 217;
  • their conference with Governor Dudley at Portsmouth, i. 220;
  • Vaudreuil proclaims them his allies, i. 250;
  • ratify the Boston treaty, i. 255;
  • sent from Montreal against the English border, ii. [217];
  • ii. [236];
  • urge an attack on Fort Massachusetts, ii. [237].
• Abenaki lands, the, i. 236.
• Abenaki missions, the, i. 217, 236.
• Abenakis of the Androscoggin, the, i. 224.
• Abenakis of the Kennebec, the, i. 217.
• Abenakis of the Saco, the, i. 224.
• Abercrombie, Captain, i. 153.
• Acadia, i. 7;
  • French claims regarding the extent of its territory, i. 47;
  • its government, i. 110;
  • the old régime in, i. 110-119;
  • friction between the temporal and spiritual powers in, i. 118;
  • forced to make atonement for the sins of Canada, i. 120;
  • changes hands, i. 120-155;
  • the capture of Port Royal means the conquest of, i. 155;
  • claimed by England, i. 184;
  • France tries to hold, i. 184-186;
  • England refuses to resign, i. 186;
  • creed and politics in, i. 193;
  • let alone by the British government, i. 199;
  • documents relating to, i. 211;
  • ceded to England, ii. [49], [50], [173];
  • strong desire of France to recover, ii. [169];
  • ii. [154];
  • Shirley resolved to keep, ii. [170];
  • the key to the British American colonies, ii. [170];
  • left by Newcastle to drift with the tide, ii. [180];
  • ii. [260], [262], [266], [267], [270], [272], [320], [326], [336], [338], [341], [345], [353].
• Acadian Church, the, friction of the temporal power with, i. 118.
• Acadian peninsula, the, ii. [60], [184].
• Acadian priests, the, Shirley’s attitude towards, ii. [178].
• Acadians, the,
  • trade of Boston merchants with, i. 7, 115;
  • take the oath of allegiance to Queen Anne, i. 191;
  • break their oath, i. 191;
  • apply to Vaudreuil for aid, i. 192;
  • the French and the English rivals for, i. 193, 194;
  • Costebelle complains of the apathy of, i. 197;
  • increase in the population of the, i. 199;
  • Governor Phillips undertakes to force them to take the oath of allegiance, i. 206;
  • Governor Phillips’ so-called success, i. 208, 209;
  • totally devoid of natural leaders, i. 210;
  • refuse to join Duvivier against Annapolis, ii. [62];
  • addicted to hoarding, ii. [172];
  • characteristics of, ii. [172];
  • Mascarene’s treatment of, ii. [172];
  • between two fires, ii. [172], [173];
  • known as the “Neutral French,” ii. [173];
  • illiteracy of, ii. [173];
  • incompetent to meet the crisis, ii. [173];
  • their pleasures, ii. [174];
  • social equality of, ii. [174];
  • their commendable domestic morals, ii. [174];
  • population of, ii. [174];
  • greatly excited by the appearance of D’Anville’s fleet, ii. [175];
  • Shirreff urges that they are a standing menace to the colony, ii. [175];
  • Shirley’s plan for securing the allegiance of, ii. [177];
  • Shirley’s plan to convert them to Protestantism, ii. [180];
  • Ramesay tries to persuade them to join his expedition against Annapolis, ii. [182];
  • again placed between two dangers, ii. [201];
  • their letters to Ramesay and to Mascarene, ii. [201], [202];
  • Ramesay’s peremptory orders to, ii. [203];
  • deplorable position of, ii. [203];
  • England fails to do its duty by, ii. [203];
  • Shirley and, ii. [312]-[357].
• Acadian seas, the, i. 104, 120.
• Acadian village, the, life at, i. 113.
• Adams, i. 195.
• Adams, Mr., of Medfield, i. 230.
• Adams, town of, ii. [231].
• Addison, i. 147.
• Aillebout, Captain d’, commandant at the Island Battery, ii. [120], [284], [303].
• Aix-la-Chapelle, the Peace of, signing of, ii. [256].
• Akins, Mr., i. 211.
• Alabama River, the, ii. [51].
• Alabama, State of, i. 301.
• Albany, fort at, i. 9;
  • efforts of the English to draw the fur-trade to, i. 14;
  • ii. [51], [154], [156], [206], [207];
  • left uncovered, ii. [210];
  • ii. [212], [213], [235], [245], [254], [273].
• Albany traders, the, opposed to the proposed conquest of Canada, i. 137.
• Aldrich, John, wounded at Fort Massachusetts, ii. [246], [251], [253].
• Alexander VI., Pope, i. 305.
• Alexander, Deacon Ebenezer, blockhouse of, ii. [231].
• Alexander, Joseph, escapes from the French and Indians, i. 71.
• Alford, John, ii. [115].
• Algonquins of the Ottawa, the, sent from Montreal against the English border, ii. [217].
• Algonquins, the, i. 223.
• Alleghanies, the, i. 296; ii. [45], [48].
• Allein, i. 117.
• Allen, Caleb, escapes from the Indians, ii. [250].
• Allen, Eunice, escapes from the Indians, ii. [250].
• Allen, Mr., killed by the Indians, ii. [250].
• Allen, Samuel, captured by the Indians, ii. [250].
• Allen’s River, i. 112, 127, 152.
• Allison, Widow, i. 60.
• Allouez, the Jesuit, at Fort St. Louis, i. 327.
• Alton Bay, i. 96.
• “Amazone,” the, ii. [159].
• Amesbury, attacked by the French and Indians, i. 99.
• Amherst, General,
  • at Louisbourg, ii. [104], [105];
  • demolishes Crown Point, ii. [255].
• Amsden, killed by the Indians, ii. [250].
• Andover, i. 260.
• Andros, i. 105.
• Androscoggin Indians, the, i. 37.
• Androscoggin River, the, i. 222.
• Anjou, Duc d’, i. 305.
• Ann, Cape, i. 244.
• Annapolis, i. 112, 170, 190;
  • pestilence at, i. 191; i. 194;
  • almost totally neglected, i. 198;
  • Duquesnel’s plans against, ii. [61];
  • its condition, ii. [61];
  • failure of Duvivier’s attack on, ii. [63];
  • Duvivier again lays siege to, ii. [126];
  • the French plan to attack, ii. [162], [164];
  • crumbling little fort of, ii. [175];
  • Ramesay tries to persuade the Acadians to join his expedition against, ii. [181];
  • Shirley’s plans for the defence of, ii. [182];
  • ii. [312], [316], [317], [318], [319], [322], [326], [327], [328], [330], [331], [333], [344], [347], [350], [351], [352].
• Annapolis Basin, ii. [165].
• Annapolis, Council of, i. 199, 201, 204, 205.
• Annapolis River, the, i. 112, 127.
• Annapolis Royal, see [Port Royal], and [Annapolis].
• Anne, Fort, i. 140.
• Anne, Queen, i. 105;
  • sustains Governor Dudley, i. 109;
  • receives the five Mohawk chiefs, i. 147.
• Anse de la Cormorandière Bay, ii. [97], [291].
• Anson, Admiral, ii. [168].
• Anticosti, the Island of, i. 171.
• Antigua, ii. [83].
• Anville, Duc d’, ii. [157], [158];
  • disasters of, ii. [159]-162;
  • death of, ii. [162];
  • burial of, ii. [162];
  • chief aim of his expedition, ii. [169];
  • ii. [175], [235], [330], [346].
• Appleton, Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel, i. 88;
  • in the expedition against Port Royal, i. 127;
  • the “nonsensical malice” of, i. 130.
• Apsaroka Indians, the, ii. [25].
• Archives de la Marine, the, i. 16.
• Archives Nationales, the, i. 16.
• “Ardent,” the, ii. [62].
• “Argonaut,” the, ii. [160].
• Arickaras, the, i. 360.
• Arkansas Indians, the, i. 356.
• Arkansas River, the, i. 319, 350, 359, 364, 367;
  • the Canadian Fork of, i. 368.
• Armstrong, Lieutenant-Colonel, at Annapolis, i. 198;
  • governor of Acadia, i. 201, 202;
  • on the political work of the Acadian missionaries, i. 203, 204;
  • succeeds Governor Phillips, i. 208;
  • undertakes to force the Acadians to take the oath of allegiance, i. 208;
  • ii. [312], [338].
• Arnold, Benedict, i. 213.
• Arrowsick Island, i. 224, 231, 237.
• Artaguette, Lieutenant Diron d’,
  • reports on the charges against Bienville, i. 307;
  • i. 309, 322.
• Artaguette, Pierre d’, captured and burned alive by the Chickasaws, i. 329.
• Ash, Thomas, killed at Louisbourg, ii. [109].
• Ashuelot, fort at, ii. [215];
  • Indian attack on, ii. [215].
• Ashuelot River, the, ii. [214].
• Assagunticooks, the, attend the council at Georgetown, i. 224.
• Assiniboin River, the, ii. [14], [15], [20].
• Assiniboins, the, ii. [10];
  • offer to join the French against the Sioux, ii. [13];
  • mislead La Vérendrye concerning the Pacific, ii. [15];
  • ii. [34], [40];
  • attack Saint-Pierre, ii. [41].
• Atkinson, Mr.,
  • sent to Montreal as envoy from New Hampshire, i. 252;
  • received by Vaudreuil, i. 252;
  • the interview with the Indians, i. 253.
• Atlantic coast, the, usurped from the French, ii. [48].
• Auchmuty, Robert, ii. [64].
• Augusta, i. 222.
• “Auguste,” the, wreck of, ii. [42].
• Auneau, the Jesuit, murdered by the Sioux, ii. [13].
• Austrian Succession, the War of, ii. [59].
• Auteuil, D’, i. 331; ii. [247].
• Avery, John, at Number Four, ii. [219].
• Avon, the river, ii. [189].
• Ayllon, Vasquez de, ii. [48].
• Azores, the, ii. [159].

• Bacon, Captain Daniel, at Louisbourg, ii. [120].
• Bacouel, ii. [187].
• “Badine,” the, i. 300.
• Baker, escapes from Indian captivity, i. 87.
• Baker, C. Alice, i. 89, 90.
• Baker, Lieutenant, killed at Grand Pré, i. 123.
• Bancroft, Robert Hale, ii. [89].
• Bangor, i. 244, 254.
• Bank, Capt. Louis, i. 302;
  • his interview with Bienville, i. 303.
• Banks, Lieutenant, i. 52, 53.
• Banlieue, the, Acadians of, i. 191, 195, 199.
• Baptiste, Captain,
  • captured by the English, i. 81;
  • exchanged by the English for John Williams, i. 88.
• Barachois, the, ii. [106], [109], [279], [293], [294].
• Barbadoes, the, i. 182.
• Barnard, Rev. John, i. 126;
  • his experiences in the expedition against Port Royal, i. 128, 130, 131.
• Barrett, Ensign John, house of, i. 42.
• Barron, Elias, killed by the Pequawkets, i. 265.
• Barrot, surgeon of Louisiana, i. 308.
• Bart, Jean, of Canada, see [Iberville, Le Moyne d’].
• Bartlett, J. R., on the Mohawk chiefs in England, i. 147.
• Basin of Mines, the, i. 110, 196.
• Bastide, the English engineer, ii. [107].
• “Bastonnais,” the,
  • monopolize the Acadian fisheries, i. 111;
  • their trade with the Acadians, i. 115;
  • i. 156, 157;
  • La Ronde Denys sent to treat with, i. 159;
  • take Denys prisoner, i. 160;
  • exasperated by the attacks on Canseau and Annapolis, ii. [64];
  • at Louisbourg, ii. [130], [134].
• Batten Kill River, the, ii. [210], [238], [253].
• Batterie de Francœur, the, at Louisbourg, ii. [130], [297], [298], [301], [306].
• Baxter, Rev. Joseph, i. 225;
  • among the Norridgewocks, i. 228-230;
  • his controversy with Rale, i. 229.
• Bayagoula Indians, the, i. 301.
• Baye Verte, i. 196, 206;
  • Ramesay builds a fort at, ii. [175];
  • ii. [184], [185], [195], [326], [344], [345], [350], [351].
• Bean, Lieutenant, sent out against Norridgewock, i. 245.
• Beaubassin, Acadian settlement of, i. 123; ii. [184], [185], [198], [200], [202], [203], [260].
• Beaubassin, Sieur de,
  • attacks Falmouth, i. 46;
  • letter from Ponchartrain to, i. 102;
  • ii. [124], [239], [298], [299], [300].
• Beaubois, Père de, i. 368.
• Beaucour, commands an unsuccessful attack on the Connecticut settlements, i. 95.
• Beauharnois, Charles de, the intendant,
  • on the treachery of the Abenakis, i. 37;
  • on the French expedition against New England, i. 56;
  • on Beaucour’s unsuccessful expedition against Connecticut, i. 95;
  • i. 232;
  • averse to violent measures against the Indians, i. 337;
  • slandered by Dupuy, i. 338;
  • on Lignery’s expedition against the Outagamies, i. 339;
  • on the scheme to reach the Pacific Ocean, ii. [6];
  • ii. [7], [8];
  • tries to obtain aid from the court for La Vérendrye, ii. [13];
  • on the Mandans, ii. [21];
  • demands the demolition of Oswego, ii. [54];
  • on the establishment of Crown Point, ii. [56];
  • on the capture of Louisbourg by the English, ii. [140];
  • ii. [171], [172].
• Beauharnois, Fort, ii. [7];
  • abandoned, ii. [7].
• Beaujeu, journal of, ii. [170], [184];
  • the hero of the Monongahela, ii. [185];
  • ii. [186], [187], [189], [190], [191], [192], [194], [195], [196];
  • on the losses at Grand Pré, ii. [198];
  • on the courtesies exchanged between the French and the English at Grand Pré, ii. [199];
  • his account of the French victory at Mines, ii. [200].
• Beauport, seigniory of, i. 25.
• Beaurain, Chevalier de, i. 353, 354, 357, 358.
• Beauséjour, Acadian post of, ii. [42].
• “Beaux Hommes,” les, ii. [25].
• Beaver-trade, the, proposed restriction to Detroit of, i. 23.
• Becancour, the Abenaki mission of, i. 217, 233.
• Bedford, Duke of, ii. [176].
• Bégon, the intendant,
  • praises the zeal of the Acadian missionaries, i. 204;
  • i. 231, 331;
  • on the scheme for reaching the Pacific Ocean, ii. [6];
  • ii. [52].
• Belknap,
  • on the Indian attack on Wells, i. 46;
  • on the loss of life in Queen Anne’s War, i. 47;
  • on Major Church at Port Royal, i. 124;
  • on March’s failure against Port Royal, i. 131;
  • on the council at Georgetown, i. 235;
  • on Lovewell’s expeditions against the Indians, i. 262;
  • on the plan to attack Louisbourg, ii. [64], [78], [112].
• Belknap Papers, the, ii. [144].
• Belleisle, Madame de, i. 117.
• Bellemont, Ensign, ii. [293].
• Bellin, ii. [14].
• Bellomont, Lord, governor of Massachusetts,
  • letter from Brouillan to, i. 7;
  • his reports to the Lords of Trade, i. 9;
  • on the ministers among the Indians, i. 12;
  • tries to influence the Indians against the Jesuits, i. 12.
• Bennett, Captain, i. 202.
• Benoit, M., ii. [288].
• Berkshire, ii. [230].
• Berwick, village of, Indian attacks on, i. 48, 99, 266.
• Biddeford, village of, i. 46, 266; ii. [80].
• Bienville, Jean Baptiste de,
  • resolves to find a better way to Santa Fé, i. 368.
• Bienville, Le Moyne de, i. 301;
  • at Biloxi, i. 302;
  • explores the Mississippi, i. 302;
  • his meeting with Capt. Louis Bank, i. 303;
  • accusations against, i. 307;
  • De Muys sent to succeed, i. 307;
  • Artaguette reports favorably upon the charges against, i. 307;
  • La Mothe-Cadillac succeeds, i. 309;
  • La Mothe-Cadillac’s quarrel with, i. 313;
  • reappointed governor of Louisiana, i. 318;
  • renewed accusations against, i. 320;
  • Perier takes his place, i. 320;
  • again made governor of Louisiana, i. 322;
  • resigns, i. 323;
  • the “Father of Louisiana,” i. 323;
  • i. 360.
• Bighorn Mountains, the, ii. [31].
• Bighorn Range, the, ii. [29], [31].
• Bigot, François, the intendant, i. 38; ii. [37], [97], [98], [108];
  • on the English attack on Louisbourg, ii. [111];
  • on the English attack on the Island Battery, ii. [121], [122];
  • on the weak condition of the Louisbourg garrison, ii. [131];
  • on the siege of Louisbourg, ii. [144];
  • ii. [273], [274], [290], [293], [311].
• Billaine, Louis, ii. [261].
• Billerica, village of, i. 259.
• Biloxi, the harbor of, French establishment at, i. 302, 305, 312.
• Biscay, Bay of, ii. [158].
• Blackfeet Indians, the, ii. [34].
• Blackhawk, the famous chief, i. 344.
• Black Hills, the, i. 353; ii. [23].
• Black Point, Indian attack on, i. 48.
• Black River, the, ii. [221].
• Blake, Nathan, captured by the Indians, ii. [215].
• Blancs Barbus, see [Mandans, the].
• Blastrick, Jean, ii. [311].
• Bleeker, visits Onondaga, i. 12.
• Blenheim, i. 163.
• “Blockhouse,” loose use of the term, ii. [241].
• Blue Earth River, i. 351.
• “Bobasser,” see [Beaubassin, Sieur de].
• Bobé, Father, sets forth the claims of France, ii. [46]-50, [257]-274.
• Bodmer, Charles, the artist, among, the Mandans, i. 345; ii. [20].
• Boisbriant, Major Pierre Dugué de, i. 307;
  • in command of “the Illinois,” i. 329;
  • i. 360.
• Boishébert, ii. [185], [188], [189], [194].
• Bolingbroke, Lord, i. 163.
• Bollan, William,
  • secures reimbursement for Massachusetts from England for expenditures on the Louisbourg expedition, ii. [142], [143];
  • letters of, ii. [143];
  • ii. [315].
• Bomazeen, Captain, i. 37;
  • captures Elisha Plaisted, i. 53, 54.
• Bonaventure, Captain,
  • on the trade between Boston and the French of Acadia, i. 108, 115;
  • his relations with Madame de Freneuse, i. 116;
  • attacked by De Goutin, i. 117;
  • on the friction between the temporal and spiritual powers in Acadia, i. 118;
  • ii. [132], [286], [308].
• Bonaventure, Madame de, i. 154.
• Bonaventure, the priest, i. 194.
• Bonavista, i. 132.
• Bonner, Captain, makes a plan of Boston, i. 170.
• Bonner, John, i. 88.
• Borland, i. 107.
• Boston,
  • French plans for the destruction of, i. 5, 6;
  • i. 55;
  • trade between the French of Acadia and, i. 108;
  • French scheme to ruin, i. 161;
  • make plans for the Canadian expedition, i. 164, 165;
  • distrusts the English troops, i. 166;
  • Bonner's plan of, i. 170;
  • ii. [47], [60];
  • rumored attack of the French on, ii. [156];
  • ii. [261], [309], [310], [312], [318], [327].
• Boston Harbor, i. 143.
• “Boston Packet,” the, ii. [83].
• “Boston Post Boy,” the, ii. [200].
• Boston Treaty, the, i. 255.
• Boucher, Marie, marriage of, ii. [8].
• Boucher, Pierre, governor of Three Rivers, ii. [8].
• Boucherville, i. 90.
• Bougainville, ii. [14].
• Boularderie, killed at Louisbourg, ii. [98].
• Bourbon, Fort, on Lake Winnipeg, ii. [14].
• Bourgmont, Sieur de, i. 360;
  • builds Fort Orléans, i. 361;
  • sets out for the Comanche villages, i. 361;
  • his journey, i. 361-366.
• Bourke, Captain John G., ii. [43].
• Bourne, Edward E., i. 40, 42;
  • on the Indian attack on Wells, i. 46;
  • on the capture of Elisha Plaisted, i. 54;
  • ii. [81].
• Bouton, on Lovewell’s Expedition, i. 270.
• Bow Indians, the, ii. [26];
  • make an attack on the Snake Indians, ii. [30]-33.
• Boxford, village of, i. 269.
• Bradford, village of, i. 269.
• Bradley, Joseph, attacked by Indians, i. 49.
• Bradstreet, Colonel John, ii. [64], [65];
  • at Louisbourg, ii. [100].
• “Brahmin caste” of New England, the, i. 269.
• Brandon, Arthur, i. 48.
• Brandon, Mrs. Arthur, killed by Indians, i. 48.
• Brandy, traffic in, i. 20.
• Brattleboro, town of, i. 73.
• Brazil, ii. [270].
• Brébeuf, Jean de, at Matchedash Bay, i. 18; i. 139, 215.
• Breda, treaty of, ii. [270].
• Brest, ii. [127], [158].
• Brest Squadron, the, ii. [327].
• Breton, Cape, i. 185;
  • Raudot urges the occupation by the French of, i. 186;
  • ii. [42], [60], [85], [104], [114], [256], [314], [315], [318], [321], [322], [333], [342].
• Bridgman, Jonathan, wounded at Fort Massachusetts, ii. [246].
• Brissonnet, the Plain of, at Louisbourg, ii. [279].
• British America, early maps of, ii. [44].
• British colonies, the, i. 3.
• British provinces, the, ii. [45];
  • growing power of, ii. [45].
• Brittany, ii. [166].
• Brookfield, attacked by the French and Indians, i. 99.
• Brooks, Commander, at Louisbourg, ii. [120], [121].
• Brouillan, Jacques François de,
  • urges peace between England and France, i. 6;
  • his letter to Governor Bellomont, i. 7;
  • in command of Acadia, i. 110;
  • paucity of his fighting resources, i. 111;
  • characteristics of, i. 113;
  • death of, i. 114;
  • accusations against, i. 114.
• Brown, ii. [95].
• Brown, Captain, sent out against Norridgewock, i. 245.
• Brown, John, wounded at Number Four, ii. [228].
• Brown, John Carter, i. 147.
• Brulé Indians, the, ii. [34].
• Brunswick, i. 218;
  • burned by the Indians, i. 239.
• Bruyas, the Jesuit, i. 11.
• Brymner, on the journal of La Vérendrye, ii. [17].
• Buade, Fort, i. 18.
• Buffalo, the, i. 351.
• Bullard, John, killed by the Indians, ii. [215].
• Bunker Hill, battle of, ii. [90], [123].
• Burchett, Secretary of the Admiralty, i. 165.
• Burlington, city of, i. 77.
• Burnet, Governor, of New York, plans to build a fortified trading-house at Oswego, ii. [53].
• Burr’s regiment, at Louisbourg, ii. [103].
• Bute, i. 183.
• Butler, Captain, i. 177.