URUGUAY: LAVALLEJA—RIVERA—THE NEW CAUDILLOS
The factions: Reds and Whites—The leaders: Artigas, Lavalleja, Rivera—The modern period.
THE ARGENTINE: RIVADAVIA—QUIROGA—ROSAS
Anarchy in 1820—The caudillos: their part in the formation of nationality—A Girondist, Rivadavia—The despotism of Rosas—Its duration and its essential aspects.
MEXICO: THE TWO EMPIRES—THE DICTATORS