First, different conditions of territorial property;
Secondly, the individual dependence of territorial property;
Thirdly, the stationary condition of territorial wealth.
Why the system of beneficiary property, that is to say, the feudal system, was necessary to the formation of modern society and of powerful states.
Lecture XVI.—Page [132]
Of the state of persons, from the fifth to the tenth century.
Impossibility of determining this, according to any fixed and general principle.
The condition of lands not always correspondent with that of persons.
Variable and unsettled character of social conditions.
Slavery.
Attempt to determine the condition of persons according to the Wehrgeld.
Table of twenty-one principal cases of Wehrgeld.
Uncertainty of this principle.
The true method of ascertaining the condition of persons.
Lecture XVII.—Page [141]
Of the Leudes or Antrustions.
Men, faithful to the king and to the large proprietors.
Different means of acquiring and retaining them.
Obligations of the Leudes.
The Leudes are the origin of the nobility.
Bishops and heads of monasteries were reckoned among the leudes of the king.
Moral and material of the bishops.
Efforts of the kings to possess themselves of the right of nominating bishops.
Free men.
Did they form a distinct and numerous class?
The arimanni, and rathimburgi.
Mistake of M. de Savigny.
Rapid and general extension of the feudal hierarchy.
The freedmen.
Different modes of enfranchisement:
First, the denariales, enfranchised with respect to the king:
Second, the tabularii, enfranchised with respect to the church:
Third, the chartularii, enfranchised by a charter.
Different consequences resulting from these different modes of enfranchisement.
Lecture XVIII.—Page [148]
Simultaneous existence of three systems of institutions, after the settlement of the Franks in Gaul.
Conflict of these three systems.
Summary of this conflict, its vicissitudes, and results.
Its recurrence in local and central institutions.
Of local institutions under the Frankish monarchy.
Of the assemblies of free men.
Of the authority and jurisdiction of the great landowners in their estates.
Of the authority and jurisdiction of the dukes, counts, and other royal officers.