3. The characteristics of the methods of work; that is, “the variables of the motions.”[3]
First, in describing the worker, there are several possible methods of obtaining valuable information. One is by observing him. A second is by talking with him. Before using either of these, it is necessary to see what records of him are already in the hands of the management. There will probably be some information in the employment bureau, if an employment bureau exists; if not, the man who hired him may have some data concerning him. Usually this will save the worker’s time in answering questions. It is well to know as much as possible about the worker’s life history and home conditions,—this especially that one may understand whether he goes to work refreshed or tired in the morning.
The procedure may be as follows:
1. Record the man’s name, age, birthplace, preparation, experience, and fitness. These last will all be a help in determining the percentage of fatigue.
2. Record the man’s physical characteristics, as far as can be observed; such as, size, strength, skill, strong points, and weak points.
3. Record, as closely as possible, the man’s behaviour, as indicating his mental condition. To be specific, note whether he seems interested in the work. Note his habits of doing the work,—whether he does the work the same way every time, or whether he varies in his methods. Note his degree of ability to learn quickly. Note his power of concentrating attention. Note his degree of contentment with the work.
The degree of detail with which this notation may be made by an amateur doing the work depends largely upon his training in psychology.
Second, in recording working conditions:
1. Record those things that affect all workers in the group. These are the length of working day, condition of lighting, heating, cooling, and ventilating; fire protection; safety protection as it affects all,—this to include protection from dust, lint, or any substance which might affect health.
2. Record the conditions that affect the individual worker:—places of the work; the work bench or table or other device for holding the work; the chair, foot rails or rests, or other device for affording rest to the body or some part of the body; the material worked on and its placing; the tools or other devices by which the work is done; the clothing of the worker.