Types.—There are five standard types of springs, and two or three types of special design. The riding qualities of all types of springs depend on their length and resiliency, which is taken into consideration by the engineer and designer. Consequently there is not much choice between the different types.
Fig. 128. 1⁄2-Elliptical Front Spring
[Fig. 128] shows the semi-elliptical type of spring used principally for front suspension. The front end of this spring is bolted rigidly to the downward end slope of the frame while the rear end carries a movable shackle arrangement.
Fig. 129. Full-Elliptic Spring
[Fig. 129] shows the full elliptical type of spring which may be used for either front or rear suspension. The ends may be fastened together solidly with a yoke and eye arrangement, or shackled as shown in the above cut.
[Fig. 130] shows a spring of the three-quarters elliptical type used in rear suspension only. This type of spring carries a shackle arrangement at the front and rear end which allows backward and forward motion to take place very freely, consequently it is very necessary to use a very substantial set of torque rods to keep the proper alignment.
Fig. 130. 3⁄4-Elliptical Rear Spring