Fig. 24. Splash Oiling
Care of the Splash System.—This type of oiling system does not require any adjustments, or special care, except that the oil level be constantly kept between the high and low level marked on the gauge.
Cleaning the Splash System.—Lubricating oils lose their effectiveness and become thin and watery after a certain period of use due to a fluid deposit called residue which remains in the combustion chambers after the charge of gas has been fired. This fluid generally works its way into the crank case, thinning the oil.
The crank case should, therefore, be drained, cleaned, and refilled with fresh oil every fifth week or thousand miles that the car is driven. This will prevent much wear and give a quiet and satisfactory running motor. Draining and washing out the crank case is accomplished by removing a drain plug at the bottom of the crank case. The old oil is drained off and thrown away. Kerosene is then poured into the crank case through the breather pipe until it flows out of the drain clear in color. The plug is then replaced and the crank case replenished with fresh oil until the three-quarter from low level is reached on the gauge. The oil level should be carried as near this point as possible to obtain the most satisfactory result.
[Fig. 25] shows the plunger or piston pump pressure system usually used in conjunction with the splash system. The oil is carried in a reservoir at the bottom of the crank case and is drawn through a fine meshed screen by the oil pump, which is of the plunger type operated off the cam shaft. It forces the oil through copper tubes in the three main bearings. The front and center bearings have an outlet which furnishes the oil to the gears in front and to the troughs in which the connecting rods dip. The troughs have holes drilled to keep the level of the oil, the surplus being returned to the reservoir.
| PLUNGER PUMP AND STRAINER | OIL PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT | FRONT BEARING LINE | ||
| REAR BEARING LINE | CENTER BEARING LINE | OIL FLOAT LEVEL | ||
Fig. 25. Plunger Pump Oiling System
There is a pipe line running from the pump to the gear case with a screw adjustment to regulate the oil pressure by turning either in or out. There is a pipe line running to a gauge on the dash which gives the pressure at all times. The cam shaft and cylinder walls get the oil by the splash from the connecting rods. The bottom rings of the pistons wash the oil back into the crank case. The overflow from the front bearings falls into a small compartment immediately under the crank shaft gear where it is picked up by this gear and carried to the other gears and the bearings of the water pump shaft. A small oil throw washer on the pump shaft prevents any surplus oil from being carried out on the shaft or the hub of the fan drive pulley. Any overflow from the gear compartment is carried immediately to the splash pan where it provides for the splash lubrication of the connecting rod bearings and the cylinder walls. The dippers on the connecting rod bearings should go 1⁄4 in. beneath the surface of the oil. The upward stroke of the oil pump plunger draws the oil through the lower ball check into the pump body and the downward stroke discharges it through the upper ball check into the body of the plunger which is hollow and has outlets on either side. This allows the oil to flow from the plunger into the by-pass in the oil pump body and then into the lines running to the main crank shaft bearings. The next upward stroke forces the oil through the lines to the main bearings.