623. Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo calidris barbatulus). L. 6. Ads. A dusky streak on either side of the throat, crown slate without a black border; back olive-green; below white, lower belly, under tail-and under wing-coverts yellowish; no wing-bars. Notes. Resemble those of [No. 624] but song more emphatic and hesitating. Range.—Breeds in Cuba, Bahamas and southern Florida; winters in Central America. 624. Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus). L. 6.2. Ads. Crown slate, on either side a narrow black border; a white line over eye; above olive-green; below white; under wing-coverts sulphur; no wing-bars; no dusky streaks on throat. Notes. Call, a petulant, complaining whang; song, a broken, rambling recitative "you see it—you know it—do you hear me?—do you believe it?" Range.—Eastern United States, west to the Rockies and British Columbia, east of Cascades; breeds from the Gulf States to Labrador, Manitoba, and British Columbia; winters in Central and South America. 632. Hutton Vireo (Vireo huttoni). L. 4.6. Ads. Underparts dusky grayish white with a faint yellow tinge; above dusky olive-green; lores and eye-ring grayish, not conspicuous; two white wing-bars. Notes. A piping whistle like the call of a young bird, peé-yer, peé-yer; and a hoarse whistle oh-my', oh-my', oh-my'. Range.—California, west of Sierra; resident. 632a. Stephen Vireo (V. h. stephensi). Similar to [No. 622], but grayer above, whiter below, wing-bars broader. Range.—Mexican boundary from western Texas to southeastern California. 632c. Anthony Vireo (V. h. obscurus). Similar to [No. 632], but darker, and averaging slightly smaller. Range.—"Pacific coast, from Oregon to southern British Columbia; south in winter to California." (A. O. U.) 647. Tennessee Warbler (Helminthophila peregrina). L. 5. No wing-bars; little or no white in tail. Ad. ♂. Head bluish gray; a whitish line over eye; back olive-green; below grayish white. Ad. ♀. Gray of head with more or less olive-green; stripe over eye and underparts yellower. Yng. Similar to ♀, but entirely bright olive-green above; yellower below. Notes. Song scarcely distinguishable from that of the Chipping Sparrow, but first two syllables twip instead of chip. (Jones.) Range:—Eastern North America, west in migrations to the Rocky Mountains; breeds from New Brunswick, northern New England, northern New York, and Minnesota, north to Quebec and Alaska; winters in Central and northern South America. 747. Kennicott Willow Warbler (Phyllopseustes borealis). L. 5. Ads. Above olive-green; below white tinged with yellowish, sides greenish; a whitish line over eye; a narrow whitish wing-bar; no white in tail. Notes. Call, a monotonous dzit; song, resembles trill of Redpoll. (Seebohm.) Range.—Asia, east to western Alaska.

625. Yellow-green Vireo (Vireo flavoviridis). L. 6.4. Resembling [No. 624], but greener above, the sides heavily washed with greenish yellow. Range.—Northern South America, north to the Lower Rio Grande. 626. Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus). L. 4.8. Ads. No distinct crown-cap; above olive-green; below yellowish; a whitish line over eye; no wing-bars. Notes. Resemble those of the Red-eyed Vireo but generally higher pitched; also a very abrupt, double-syllabled utterance with a rising inflection which comes in with the song at irregular intervals. (Brewster.) Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Maine, New Hampshire and Manitoba northward; winters in the tropics. 627. Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus). L. 5.4; W. 2.8. Ads. Above grayish olive-green, crown slightly grayer but without distinct cap as in [No. 624]; a whitish line over eye but no black line above it; below white, the sides washed with yellowish; no wing-bars. Notes. Call, resembles that of the Red-eyed Vireo; song; a rich, firm, unbroken warble with an alto undertone. Range.—Eastern United States, west to the Plains; breeds from Gulf States north to Hudson Bay region; winters in Mexico. 627a. Western Warbling Vireo (V. g. swainsoni). Similar to [No. 627], but averaging smaller, W. 2.6, the bill more slender; upperparts, particularly crown, grayer. Range.—Western United States, east to the Rockies; breeds from Mexico to British Columbia; winters in Mexico. 631. White-eyed Vireo (Vireo noveboracensis). L. 5; W. 2.4.; B. .4. Ads. Eye-ring and lores yellow; iris white; above olive-green more or less washed with grayish; Below white, sides yellowish; two whitish wing-bars. Notes. Calls, varied, often harsh and scolding; song, an emphatic whistle who are you, eh? or what's that you say?, and a low medley often including imitations of the notes of other birds. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds from Florida and Texas north to New Hampshire and Minnesota; winters from Florida to Central America. 631a. Key West Vireo (V. n. maynardi). Similar to [No. 631], but bill heavier, sides averaging less yellow. Range.—Southern Florida; resident. 621b. Bermuda White-eyed Vireo (V. n. bermudianus). Similar to [No. 631], but wing shorter, 2.30; no yellow on sides. (Bangs and Bradlee.) Range.—Resident in Bermudas. 631c. Small White-eyed Vireo (V. n. micrus). Smaller than [No. 631], W. 2.2; averaging grayer above; sides with less yellow. Range.—Northeastern Mexico, north to southeastern Texas.

629. Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius). L. 5.5; W. 2.9; B. .4. Ads. Lores and eye-ring white; crown and cheeks bluish slate-color; back olive-green; below white, sides washed with greenish yellow; two whitish wing-bars. Notes. Resembling in form those of Red-eyed or Yellow-throated Vireos but more varied, sometimes a continuous warble; a musical chatter, like that of the Yellow-throated and a trilled whistle. (Torrey.) Range.—Eastern North America; breeds from Connecticut (and south along Alleghanies) north to New Brunswick and Manitoba; winters from Florida to Central America. 629a. Cassin Vireo (V. s. cassini). Like [No. 629], but back washed with the color of the head; white on breast and throat less pure. Range.—"Breeds from British Columbia and Idaho south along Pacific coast region and Nevada to Lower California; migrates to Arizona, New Mexico; and northern Mexico." (Bailey.) 629b. Plumbeous Vireo (V. s. plumbeus). Above wholly plumbeous-gray with scarcely, if any, olive tinge, below white, the sides gray faintly tinged with greenish yellow; size of [No. 629c]. Range.—Rocky Mountain region; breeds from northern Mexico north to southwestern Dakota and Wyoming; winters south to southern Mexico. 629c. Mountain Solitary Vireo (V. s. alticola). Larger than [No. 629], W. 3.15, B. .46; head darker, its color extending over most of the back. Range.—Breeds in Alleghanies from North Carolina to Georgia; winters in Florida. 629d. St. Lucas Solitary Vireo (V. s. lucasanus). Smaller than [No. 629a], but bill longer and stouter, sides and flanks much yellower; young without brownish below, and resembling young of [No. 629]. Range.—Cape Region of Lower California. 633. Bell Vireo (Vireo bellii). L. 5. Above olive-green, crown grayer; lores and eye-ring white; two inconspicuous whitish wing-bars; below white, sides tinged with yellowish. Most like [No. 627], but back greener, no white line back of eye. Notes. Resemble those of the White-eyed Vireo, but less harsh, song less emphatic. (Goss.) Range.—Interior states from Illinois west to Plains; breeds from Texas to Minnesota; winters in Mexico. 633.1. Least Vireo (Vireo pusillus). L. 4.8. Ads. Above gray, slightly tinged with greenish toward rump; below white, sides with little if any greenish tinge; one inconspicuous whitish wing-bar; lores and eye-ring inconspicuously grayish. Range.—Northwestern Mexico and northern Lower California; breeds north to Arizona and middle California. 634. Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior). L. 5.5. Above slaty gray; below white tinged with grayish; one inconspicuous wing-bar; lores and eye-ring gray; bill short. Notes. Song may be compared with the finest efforts of the Blue-headed Vireo with the added charm and mellowness of the song of the Yellow-throated Vireo. (Henshaw.) Range.—Northern Mexico, north to western Texas, southeastern California, and southern Nevada; winters in Mexico.

749. Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula). L. 4.4. A conspicuous whitish eye-ring. Ad. ♂. A more or less concealed crown-patch; back olive-green; underparts soiled whitish more or less tinged with buffy; two white wing-bars. Ad. ♀ and Yng. (Here figured.) Similar, but no crown-patch. Range.—North America; breeds from the northern border of the United States northward, and south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona, and in the Sierra Nevada of California; winters from south Carolina and Oregon southward to Central America. 749a. Sitkan Kinglet (R. c. grinnelli). Similar to [No. 749], but more olive-green above; more buffy below. Range.—Pacific coast; breeds in southern Alaska; winters southward to California. 470a. Buff-breasted Flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons pygmæus). L. 4.7. Ads. Below rusty buff; above grayish brown. Range.—Western Mexico; north in spring to southwestern New Mexico and Arizona. 586. Texas Sparrow (Arremonops rufivirgata). L. 6.5. Ads. Above olive-green, sides of crown brownish, its center grayish; below whitish; bend of wing yellow. Notes. Song resembles that of the Chipping Sparrow but with somewhat of the sweetness and modulation of that of the Yellow Warbler. Range.—Eastern Mexico, north to southeastern Texas; casually to Louisiana. 638. Swainson Warbler (Helinaia swainsonii). L. 5. Bill large; no white in wings or tail. Ads. Crown brown, back, wings and tail olive-brown; a whitish line over eye; below whitish tinged with yellow. Notes. Song, "a series of clear, ringing whistles, the first four uttered rather slowly and in the same key, the remaining five or six given more rapidly and in an evenly descending scale." (Brewster.) Range.—Southeastern United States; breeds from Gulf States north to southeastern Virginia, southern Indiana and southern Missouri. 639. Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus). L. 5.5. Bill large; no white in wings or tail Ads. Crown black with three buff stripes; back, wings and tail olive-green; below buffy white deeper on breast. Yng. Buff everywhere richer. Notes. Call, a sharp chip; song, resembles that of Chipping Sparrow but is somewhat weaker. Range.—Eastern United States; breeds north to southern Connecticut, southern Illinois and southern Wisconsin; winters south of United States. 742. Pallid Wren-tit (Chamæa fasciata). L. 6.7; T. 5.4. Outer tail-feathers shortest. Ads. Above brownish gray; below buffy obscurely streaked with gray. Notes. Song wooden and unmusical, beginning deliberately and ending in a roll, chick: chick; chick, chick-chick-chick-chick-chick-chick. Range.—"Interior of California, including the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, from the head of the Sacramento Valley south to northern Lower California." (A. O. U.)

742a. Coast Wren-tit (C. f. phæa). Similar to [No. 742], but much browner above and deeper more pink below; sides as dark as back. Range.—Pacific Coast from Monterey County, California, north to southern Oregon. 707. Curve-billed Thrasher (Toxostoma curvirostre). L. 11.2. Ads. Above brownish gray; below mottled with brownish gray; lower belly buffy; four outer pairs of tail-feathers tipped with white; two narrow white wing-bars. Notes. Call, a sharp, whit-whit; one of the most silent of song Thrushes. (Merrill.) Song, remarkably melodious and attractive. (Couch.) Range.—Mexican boundary region of Texas and New Mexico south over the Mexico tableland to Oaxaca. 707a. Palmer Thrasher (T. c. palmeri). Similar to [No. 707], but wing-bars less evident; outer tail-feathers without white tips. Range.—"Southern Arizona, from about fifty miles northwest of Phoenix, south to Guaymas, Sonora." (A. O. U.) 708. Bendire Thrasher (Toxostoma bendirei). L. 10.2. Ads. Above brownish ashy; below soiled whitish washed with buffy and lightly spotted with dusky, chiefly on breast; outer tail-feathers narrowly tipped with whitish. Notes. Call, tirup, tirup, tirup. (Brown.) Range.—Desert regions of southern Arizona south into Sonora, Mexico; west rarely to southeastern California; resident except at extreme northern limit of its range. 709. St. Lucas Thrasher (Toxostoma cinereum). L. 10. Ads. Above grayish brown; below white with numerous wedge-shaped spots; outer tail-feathers tipped with white. Range.—Southern Lower California. 709a. Mearns Thrasher (T. c. mearnsi). Differs from [No. 709] in much darker upperparts, more rusty flanks and crissum, much larger and more intensely black spots on lower parts and less curved bill. (Anthony.) Range.—Northern Lower California, south to about Lat. 30° 30'.