| 122. Brandt Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus). L. 35; T. 6. Chin and sides of throat buffy white or brownish. Ads. Above blue black, faintly margined with black; below green black. Breeding plumage. With white, hair-like plumes from back and neck; no white on flanks; throat pouch blue. Yng. Above dark brown; throat and belly whitish; breast and sides brown. Range.—Pacific coast from Cape St. Lucas to Washington; resident. 123. Pelagic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pelagicus). L. 28; W. 10; T. 6.2. Forehead feathered; back feathers not margined. Ads. Above glossy green and purplish black; below bottle green. Breeding plumage. With white plumes on neck and rump and white patches on flanks; nape and forehead, crested. Yng. Above greenish dusky brown, less green below. Range.—"Aleutian and Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka, south to Japan." (A. O. U.) 123a. Violet-green Cormorant (P. p. robustus). Similar to [No. 123], but larger; bill stouter, W. 10.8. Range.—"Coast of Alaska, from Norton Sound south to Washington." (A. O. U.) 123b. Baird Cormorant (P. p. resplendens). Similar to [No. 123], but smaller; bill slenderer; W. 9.5. Notes. A croaking, guttural note. Range.—Pacific coast from Washington south to Mazatlan, Mexico. 124. Red-faced Cormorant (Phalacrocorax urile). L. 34. Forehead as well as lores bare. Ads. Above green and purple; head and neck blue black; belly green. Breeding plumage. With forehead and nape crests and white patches on flanks. Notes. "A low, droning croak." (Nelson.) Range.—"Pribilof, Aleutian, and Kuril Islands, and coast of Kamchatka. South in winter to northern Japan." (A. O. U.) |
Anhinga, Pelicans, and Man-o'-War bird
| 118. Anhinga; Snakebird; Water Turkey (Anhinga anhinga). L. 36. Ad. ♂. Black; grayish head and neck plumes which, in winter, are absent. Ad. ♀. Resembles male but whole head, neck, and breast brownish. Yng. Similar to ♀ but black parts duller. Notes. A rasping, clattering croak, uttered when fighting or in coming to the nest. Range.—Tropical and subtropical America; breeds north to southern Illinois and South Carolina; winters from Gulf States southward. 125. American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). L. 60. Ads. White; primaries black; bill in breeding season with a knob. Yng. With crown brownish. Range:—North America; breeds in interior from eastern California, Utah, Yellowstone Park, Minnesota (?) northward to Lat. 61°; winters from Gulf States and southern California, south to Central America. 126. Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis). L. 50; W. 19.5. Ads. Pouch greenish; head white, rarely yellowish; neck brown. In fall, no brown on neck. Yng. Brownish gray, white below. Notes. Adults as a rule silent; young before flying, very noisy. Range:—Atlantic and Gulf coast of tropical and subtropical America; breeds from northern South America to South Carolina; has strayed to Illinois and Nova Scotia; winters from Gulf States southward. 127. California Brown Pelican (Pelecanus californicus). Similar to [No. 126], but larger. L. 54; W. 21; pouch in breeding season, red. Range.—Pacific coast from Galapagos north to British Columbia; breeds north only to Los Coronados Islands. 128. Man-o'-War Bird; Frigate Bird (Fregata aquila). L. 40. Ad. ♂. Black, glossy above; pouch "scarlet or orange." Ad. ♀. Browner; breast and belly white. Yng. Similar to ♀, but head and neck white. Notes. Usually silent; rarely a croaking note. Range:—Tropical and subtropical coasts; in America north to Florida, Texas, and southern California; casually to Kansas, Ohio and Nova Scotia; winters from southern Florida and Lower California southward. |
Order V. DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS.
ANSERES.
| Family 1. | DUCKS, GEESE, and SWANS. | Anatidæ. | 49 species, 6 subspecies. |
The Anatidæ of North America are placed in five well-marked subfamilies, the Mergansers (Merginæ), River Ducks (Anatinæ), Sea Ducks (Fuligulinæ), Geese (Anserinæ), and Swans (Cygninæ).
The Mergansers, Saw-bills, or Shelldrakes are fish-eating Ducks and their rounded bills, set with tooth-like projections along the sides, are of evident use to them in holding their prey.