Vultures and Osprey

324. California Vulture (Gymnogyps californianus). L. 44-55; Ex. 8 1-2 to nearly 11 feet. (Ridgw.) Ads. Head and neck orange, blue, and red, unfeathered; feathers around neck and on underparts narrow and stiffened; greater wing-coverts tipped with white; under wing-coverts white. Range.—"Coast ranges of southern California from Monterey Bay, south to Lower California and east to Arizona" (Bailey). Recorded from Burrard Inlet, British Columbia (Fannin). 325. Turkey Vulture; Turkey Buzzard (Cathartes aura). L. 30; T. 11. Ads. Head and neck red unfeathered; brownish black; no white in plumage; bill whitish. Notes. A low hissing sound when disturbed. Range—Western Hemisphere from central and northeast New Jersey, central Illinois, northern Minnesota, the Saskatchewan region and British Columbia, south to Patagonia; winters from southern New Jersey, southern Illinois and southern California southward. 326. Black Vulture; Carrion Crow (Catharista urubu). L. 24. T. 8. Ads. Head and neck unfeathered, black, plumage black; under surface of wings silvery. Notes. A low grunting sound when disturbed. Range.—Tropical America, north, as a resident to North Carolina, southern Illinois and southern Kansas; west to the Plains, south to northern South America, strays as far north as Maine and South Dakota. 364. American Osprey; Fish Hawk (Pandion haliaëtus carolinensis). L. 23. Nape white; feet large; no bars on primaries. Ad. ♂. Below white with few or no spots on breast. Ad. ♀. Similar, but breast with numerous grayish brown spots and streaks. Notes. Loud, plaintive, whistles. Range.—America; breeds from Florida, Texas and Lower California, north to Labrador, Great Slave Lake and northern Alaska; winters from South Carolina and Lower Mississippi Valley to northern South America.

Kites and Marsh Hawks

327. Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus). L. 24. Ads. Back purplish black, wings and tail blue-black. Notes. A shrill, keen, e-e-e or we-we-we. (Bendire.) Range.—Middle America; summers north to Virginia, central Illinois, northern Minnesota, Manitoba and Dakota; west to central Kansas, rarely to Colorado; winters in Central and South America. 328. White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus). L. 15.5. Ads. Shoulders black; back and middle tail-feathers ashy gray; rest of tail-feathers, forehead and underparts white. Yng. Upperparts with rusty. Notes. A plaintive, musical whistle. (Barlow.) Range.—Middle America north to South Carolina, southern Illinois, Indian Territory, western Texas, Arizona and central California; south to Argentine Republic; rare east of the the Mississippi. 329. Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis). L. 14. Ads. Head, ends of secondaries, and underparts bluish gray; back bluish slate; tail black without bars. Yng. Head streaked black and white; back blackish, tipped with rusty; tail with three or four broken white bars; underparts buffy, streaked with rusty and blackish. Range.—Middle America; breeds north to South Carolina, southern Illinois and Kansas; winters in tropics. 330. Everglade Kite; Snail Hawk (Rostrhamus sociabilis). L. 18. Longer upper tail-coverts and base of tail white. Ads. Slaty black; end of tail with brownish and whitish bands. Yng. Above blackish brown tipped with rusty; below mottled rusty, blackish and buff. Range.—Tropical America north to southern Florida and eastern Mexico; south to Argentine Republic. 331. Marsh Hawk; Harrier (Circus hudsonius). L. ♂, 19; ♀, 22. Upper tail-coverts and base of tail white. Ad. ♂. Above gray or ashy; underparts with rusty spots. Ad. ♀, and Yng. Above brownish black with more or less rusty, particularly on the nape; below brownish rusty with black streaks on breast. Notes. A peevish scream and peculiar clucking or cackling. (Preston.) Range.—North America; breeds locally north to about latitude 60°; winters from southern New York, northern Illinois, northern Kansas, Colorado and British Columbia south to Central America.

Hawks

332. Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter velox). L. ♂, 11.2; ♀, 13.5; T. ♂, 5.5; ♀, 7. Tail square at end. Ads. Above slaty gray; crown darker; below barred white and rusty brown. Yng. Above blackish brown lightly margined with rusty; below white streaked with brown. Note the relatively long tail in this and the two following species. Notes. Cac-cac-cac. (Ralph.) Range.—North America; breeds throughout its range but chiefly northward; winters from Massachusetts and Vancouver Island southward. 333. Cooper Hawk (Accipiter cooperii). L. ♂, 15.5; ♀, 19; T. ♂, 7.7; ♀, 9. Similar in color to [No. 332], but tail rounded; adult with crown blacker. Notes. A cackling or chattering. (Bendire.) Range.—North America; breeds from southern Mexico north to British America; winters from Massachusetts, Lower Mississippi Valley and Oregon southward. 334. American Goshawk (Accipiter atricapillus). L. ♂, 22; ♀, 24; T. ♂, 10; ♀, 11.5. Ads. Above bluish slate; crown darker; a whitish line over the eye to the nape; below finely marked with gray and white. Yng. Above blackish brown, rusty and buff; below buffy white streaked with blackish. Range.—North America; breeds chiefly north of United States; winters south to New Jersey, rarely Virginia, Illinois, Missouri and Kansas; west to Oregon. 334a. Western Goshawk (A. a. striatulus). Similar to [No. 334], but Ad. dark plumbeous above, markings on lower parts heavier and darker. Stripes on lower parts of Yng. broader and blacker. (Ridgw.) Notes. A shrill scream and a frequently repeated keeah or kreeah. (Bendire.) Range.—"Western North America; north to Sitka, Alaska; south to California; east to Idaho. Breeds in the Sierra Nevada south to latitude 38°." (A. O. U.) 346. Mexican Goshawk (Asturina plagiata). L. 17. Ads. Above slaty gray; below barred slaty-gray and white. Yng. Above blackish brown with rusty markings, particularly on wing-coverts; longer upper tail-coverts white with black spots or bars; tail brownish with numerous black bars; below whitish with large elongate spots. Notes. A peculiar piping note uttered while hovering in the air. (Bendire.) Range.—Middle America, from Panama north, in March, to Mexican border of United States.