372. Saw-whet Owl; Acadian Owl (Nyctala acadica). L. 8. Ads. Above cinnamon brown; forehead with many, hindhead with few streaks; back with white spots; feet and legs less heavily feathered than in [No. 371] and without dusky bars. Yng. Breast and back cinnamon brown with few white markings; belly rusty buff, unstreaked. Notes. A frequently repeated whistle; sometimes high, sometimes low; generally begins slow and ends rapidly; resembles noise of saw-filing. (Ralph.) Range.—North America; breeds from mountains of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts (rarely), northern New York, northern Illinois; and, in Rocky Mountains, from Mexico northward; winters south to Virginia, Kansas and central California. 372a. Northwest Saw-whet Owl (N. a. scotæa). Similar to [No. 372], but darker both above and below, dark markings everywhere heavier; flanks, legs and feet more rufescent. (Osgood.) Range.—Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. 379. Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma). L. 7. Top of head spotted. Ads. Above grayish brown; spots whitish. Yng. No spots on head. Notes. A soft cooing coohuh, coohuh, repeated a number of times. (Bendire.) Range.—"Timbered regions of western North America, from southern Rocky Mountains in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona," west to California, Oregon, and Washington, except coast belt, south into Mexico. 379a. California Pygmy Owl (G. g. californicum). Similar to [No. 379], but darker; spots above buff or rusty. Range.—Humid coast region from Monterey, California, north to British Columbia. 379.1. Hoskin Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium hoskinsii). Similar to [No. 379a], but smaller and grayer, the forehead and facial disc with more white, the upperparts less distinctly spotted. (Brewst.) Range.—Southern Lower California. 380. Ferruginous Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium phalænoides). L. 7. Top of head streaked. Ads. Above varying from grayish brown marked with whitish to plain reddish brown without marks; below white streaked with grayish brown or reddish brown. Yng. No streaks on head. Notes. A softly whistled coo repeated many times at intervals of about one second. Range.—Tropical America; from Brazil north to Mexican border of United States. 381. Elf Owl (Micropallas whitneyi). L. 6. Smallest of our Owls. Ads. Above grayish brown, head spotted; back barred with rusty; below mixed rusty, white and grayish. Notes. A tremulous cha-cha, cha-cha, in different keys, sometimes low, sometimes distinct. (Bendire.) Range.—Tableland of Mexico from Puebla north to Mexican border of United States; Lower California, and (rarely) California.

373. Screech Owl (Megascops asio). L. 9.4; W. 6.4; T. 3. Two color phases; with ear-tufts; eyes yellow. Ad. Gray phase. Above buffy gray irregularly marked with black; below gray, white, rusty and black. Ad. Red phase. Above bright rusty brown with a few black streaks; below white streaked with black and barred with rusty brown. Yng. Above gray or rusty barred with black and white; below white thickly barred with blackish. Notes. A frequently repeated tremulous, wailing whistle; often followed by a slower refrain-like call; a castanet-like snapping of the mandibles. Range.—Eastern North America from Florida north to New Brunswick, Ontario and Minnesota, west to the Great Plains; resident. 373a. Florida Screech Owl (M. a. floridanus). Smaller than [No. 373], W. 6.0; T. 2.8. Two color phases. Similar to those of [No. 373], but averaging darker and more heavily marked below; especially in red phase. Range.—Florida, north along coast to South Carolina; west along coast to Louisiana. 373b. Texas Screech Owl (M. a. mccalli). Similar to [No. 373], but smaller, W. 6.1; underparts, especially sides of belly, with more black bars; toes barer. I have seen only a gray phase. Range.—"From western and southern Texas across east border of tablelands of Mexico." (Bailey.) 373c. California Screech Owl (M. a. bendirei). W. 6.6. A gray color phase only. Resembling [No. 373], but somewhat darker above; less buff about the nape; black streakings more regularly distributed; underparts much as in [No. 373b]. Range.—California and southern Oregon. 373d. Kennicott Screech Owl (M. a. kennicottii). L. 10; W. 7.25. Ads. Sooty brown prevailing above; blackish markings below nearly if not fully as wide as white ones; darkest of our Screech Owls. Range.—Pacific coast from Oregon to Sitka. 373e. Rocky Mountain Screech Owl (M. a. maxwelliæ). W. 7. Similar to [No. 373f] above but paler; pale grayish buff predominating; black markings throughout much narrower and less numerous than in [No. 373g]; palest of our Screech Owls. Range.—"Foothills and adjacent plains of the east Rocky Mountains from Colorado north to Montana" (Bendire).

373f. Mexican Screech Owl (M. a. cineraceus). A gray color phase only. Similar to [No. 373b]. but much grayer above; buff markings of [No. 373b] almost wholly absent; below black bars more numerous and narrower than in [No. 373b]. Range.—"New Mexico, Arizona, Lower California, and western Mexico." (A. O. U.) 373g. Aiken Screech Owl (M. a. aikeni). A gray color phase only. W. 6.5. Similar to [373f], but still grayer; almost no buff above; black markings wider on head, back, and underparts. Range.—"Plains, El Paso County, Colorado, south probably to central New Mexico and northeastern Arizona." (A. O. U.) 373h. MacFarlane Screech Owl (M. a. macfarlanei). A gray color phase only. Ads. Of the size of kennicottii, but with color and markings of bendirei. W. 7.2; T. 3.8. (Brewst.) Range.—"Eastern Washington and Oregon to western Montana and probably intermediate regions, and north to the interior of British Columbia." (Bailey.) 373.1. Spotted Screech Owl (Megascops trichopsis). L. 7.7. Ads. Above mixed black, grayish brown and buff; black prevailing on head; feathers of foreback with buffy white spots on either side near the end; below much as in [No. 373f]. Range.—Southern Arizona and southward into northern Mexico. 373.2. Xantus Screech Owl (Megascops xantusi). W. 5.3. Ad. ♂. Above drab, back tinged with pinkish rusty and faintly vermiculated with reddish brown; breast paler ashy faintly suffused with pinkish or rusty; belly whitish; underparts finely barred with reddish brown and streaked with clove-brown. (Brewst.) Range.—Cape Region of Lower California. 374. Flammulated Screech Owl (Megascops flammeola). L. 7. Ads. Ear-tufts small; eye surrounded by rusty, then by gray; crown, nape and tips of scapulars largely rusty; neck band rusty. Range.—Mountains of Guatemala north to Colorado (11 specimens, 7 from Boulder County, Cook), west rarely to California (2 specimens). 374a. Dwarf Screech Owl (M. f. idahoensis). Similar to [No. 374], but slightly smaller and paler, especially on underparts where ground color is white and black markings are restricted. Range.—Idaho, eastern Oregon and California (San Bernardino Mountains, 3 specimens, Grinnell).

375. Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). ♂, L. 22; W. 15. Ads. Ears conspicuous; the feathers nearly throughout the body rusty basally; facial disc rich rusty. Notes. A loud, low, deep-toned whoo, hoo-hoo-hoo, whooo-whooo, variable, but usually on the same note; rarely a hair-raising scream. Range.—Eastern North America; north to Labrador, south to Central America; resident. 375a. Western Horned Owl (B. v. pallescens). Smaller and paler than [No. 375], W. 13.7; facial disc washed with rusty. Range.—Western United States, except Pacific coast region, east to Great Plains; casually Wisconsin and Illinois north to Manitoba and British Columbia; south to Mexico. 375b. Arctic Horned Owl (B. v. arcticus). Black and white prevailing above; bases of feathers light yellowish buff; below black and white with little or no buffy; facial disc gray. Range.—Interior of Arctic America, from Rocky Mountains east to Hudson Bay; breeds north of Lat. 51°; in winter straggles southward to adjacent border of United States; rarely to Wyoming and Nebraska. 375c. Dusky Horned Owl (B. v. saturatus). Size of [No. 375b], but much darker; black bars below equalling white ones in width; darkest bird of group. Range.—"Pacific coast region from Monterey Bay, California, north to Alaska; east to Hudson Bay and Labrador." (A. O. U.) 375d. Pacific Horned Owl (B. v. pacificus). Somewhat smaller than [No. 375b], W. 13.5; more like [No. 375] in color but less rusty. Range.—California, except humid coast region; east to Arizona. 375e. Dwarf Horned Owl (B. v. elachistus). Similar to [No. 375c], but very much smaller. W. ♂, 12.8; ♀, 13.4. (Brewster.) Range.—Lower California. 376. Snowy Owl (Nyctea nyctea). L. 25. Ad. ♂. White more or less barred with blackish. Ad. ♀. Similar, but more heavily barred. Range.—Northern parts of northern hemisphere; in America breeds from Lat. 50° northward; winters south to northern United States; straggles as far as Texas and California. 377a. American Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula caparoch). L. 15; T. 7.2 long and rounded. Ads. Above brownish black, crown thickly spotted, scapulars conspicuously margined with white; chin blackish; belly barred. Notes. A shrill cry generally uttered while flying. (Fisher.) Range.—Northern North America: breeds from Newfoundland and northern Montana northward; winters south to northern United States, rarely to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Illinois; rare on Pacific coast.

Order XIII. PAROQUETS AND PARROTS.

PSITTACI.