431. Anna Hummingbird (Calypte annæ). L. 3.6. Ad. ♂. Crown and throat glittering purplish pink; feathers at sides of throat much lengthened. Ad. ♀. Above green; below grayish washed with green; throat usually with pink feathers; tail with a narrow white tip. Yng. Similar but browner above. Range.—Western United States, from northern Lower California north to northern California; east to southern Arizona; south in winter to Mexico; recorded from Guadalupe Island. 432. Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus). L. 4. Ad. ♂. Outer primary very narrow, end sharp; crown green, throat pink; tail green above, purplish below without white tips. Ad. ♀. Outer tail-feathers rusty at base, then black with a broad white tip; middle feathers entirely green; above bronzy green; throat feathers with dusky centers; sides rusty. Range.—Rocky Mountains: west, rarely to eastern California; north to southern Wyoming and Idaho; winters south of United States. 433. Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), L. 3.6. Ad. ♂. Next to middle pair of tail-feathers notched near tip of inner web; back reddish brown sometimes washed with green. Ad. ♀. Sides rusty, back green, throat spotted with green and sometimes ruby, outer tail-feathers rusty at base, then black and a white tip, the feather more than .12 wide; middle tail-feathers green at base, end black. Yng. ♂. Similar to ♀ but all tail-feathers rusty at base. Range.—Western United States; breeds from the higher mountains of southern California and Arizona, north to Lat. 61° in Alaska; during migrations east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas; winters in southern Mexico. 434. Allen Hummingbird (Selasphorus alleni). L. 3.6. Ad. ♂. Crown and back green, and tail rusty tipped with dusky, no notch in tail-feathers; in other respects like [No. 433]. Ad. ♀ and Yng. ♂. Like the same of [No. 433], but outer tail-feather less than .12 in. wide. Range.—Pacific coast, from Monterey, California, north to British Columbia; migrates south through Arizona, and southern California to Mexico. 435. Morcom Hummingbird (Atthis morcomi). L. 2.9. Ad. ♀. Above bronzy green; middle tail-feathers bronzy green tinged with rusty on basal half; rest of tail-feathers rusty brown, then green, then black and tipped with white; below white, sides rusty, throat spotted with bronze-green. (Ridgw.) Male unknown. Range.—Huachuca Mountains, southern Arizona, (known from one specimen.) 436. Calliope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope). L. 3. Ad. ♂. Throat purplish pink, white at base showing through; above green. Ad. ♀. Sides rusty, throat with green spots, above green, outer tail-feathers gray at base, then black, then white in nearly equal amounts. Yng. ♂. Similar to ♀. Range.—Mountains of western United States; breeds north to Montana, Idaho, and British Columbia; west to eastern Oregon and eastern California; winters, south of United States; rare on Pacific coast of United States.

Order XVII. PERCHING BIRDS.

PASSERES.

Family 1.FLYCATCHERS.Tyrannidæ.32 species, 7 subspecies.
Family 2.LARKS.Alaudidæ.1 species, 13 subspecies.
Family 3.CROWS AND JAYS.Corvidæ.21 species, 14 subspecies.
Family 4.BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC.Icteridæ.18 species, 14 subspecies.
Family 5.FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC.Fringillidæ.87 species, 92 subspecies.
Family 6.TANAGERS.Tanagridæ.4 species, 1 subspecies.
Family 7.SWALLOWS.Hirundinidæ.9 species, 2 subspecies.
Family 8.WAXWINGS.Ampelidæ.3 species.
Family 9.SHRIKES.Laniidæ.2 species, 3 subspecies.
Family 10.VIREOS.Vireonidæ.13 species, 10 subspecies.
Family 11.WARBLERS.Mniotiltidæ.55 species, 18 subspecies.
Family 12.WAGTAILS.Motacillidæ.3 species.
Family 13.DIPPERS.Cinclidæ.1 species.
Family 14.WRENS, THRASHERS, ETC.Troglodytidæ.26 species, 24 subspecies.
Family 15.CREEPERS.Certhiidæ.1 species, 4 subspecies.
Family 16.NUTHATCHES AND TITS.Paridæ.21 species, 20 subspecies.
Family 17.KINGLETS, GNATCATCHERS, ETC.Sylviidæ.7 species, 3 subspecies.
Family 18.THRUSHES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC.Turdidæ.13 species, 14 subspecies.

The North American members of the Order PASSERES are placed in two Suborders, the Clamatores, or so-called Songless Perching Birds, which includes all the Flycatchers, and the Suborder Oscines, or Singing Perching Birds, which includes all our remaining Perching Birds. While the Flycatchers are therefore technically classed as songless birds, it does not follow that they have no songs. Sing they do, but because of the less developed condition of their voice-producing organ, they cannot give utterance to the longer and more musical songs of the Oscines, which are supplied with a better musical instrument.

The Flycatchers, (Family Tyrannidæ) number somewhat over three hundred and fifty species, and are found only in America, where they are most abundant in the tropics. Feeding almost exclusively on insects, those species which visit the United States are of necessity migratory, not more than half a dozen of the thirty species which nest with us, remaining in the United States during the winter, and these are found only on our southern borders.

Flycatchers as a rule, capture their prey on the wing. When perching, their pose is usually erect and hawk-like. They often raise their crown feathers, which in many species are somewhat lengthened, a habit giving them a certain big-headed appearance.