[409]. 9 I. C. C. Decis. 318, Nov. 17, 1902.
[410]. 10 I. C. C. Decis. 590; Rep. 1905, p. 31.
[411]. Essex Milk Producers’ Association v. Railroads, 7 I. C. C. Decis. 92, March 13, 1897. See also Howell v. New York, Lake Erie, and Western, 2 I. C. C. Decis. 272, equal milk rates from all distances unlawful.
[412]. 11 I. C. C. Decis. 31.
[413]. Sen. Com. 1905, p. 1339.
[414]. Sen. Com. 1905, p. 1165. The fact is that neither the Elkins Bill nor the Esch-Townsend Bill reaches the private car abuses or terminal railroads, or flying tariffs, or other evasive forms of discrimination, and neither adds much to the power of the Commission to deal with the subject. (See Sen. Com. pp. 2889, 2905, 2911).
[415]. Sen. Com. 1905, pp. 1675, 1676.
[416]. See Chamber of Commerce v. C. M. & St. P. Rd., 7 I. C. C. Decis. 1898, p. 510 and I. C. C. Rep. 1898, p. 24.
[417]. The reasons for and against public ownership of railroads are dealt with in the testimony of the writer before the Industrial Commission, vol. ix., pp. 123–193, 883–890. President Roosevelt had the possibility of public ownership in mind when he said in his message that we must choose between an increase of existing evils, or increased Government supervision, or a “still more radical policy.”
[418]. The railways of Italy were operated by private companies when I was there; since then, in 1905, the Government has undertaken the operation of them.