4. How to calculate the effect of the weather on the rails.
5. How to manage an engine and train on varying grades.
6. How to have full control of an engine and train at full speed.
7. How to work the steam expansively and yet keep time.
8. How to regulate the water supply.
9. How to read the gauges at a glance and understand just what they mean.
Now all these things have got to be learned while a fireman, for unless you know them you can never become an engineer.
Some engineers will give no instructions. They demand certain results, and if the fireman don't do just what they expect because he does not understand what is wanted, they call him a fool, snatch the shovel out of his hand and do the work themselves.
It is the engineer who is the fool in this case, and doubly so if he loses his temper and swears.
Certainly it is very hard for a sensitive young man to learn of such a master, but after all it is good discipline.