For dyeing Turkey reds the flavo-and anthra-purpurine brands or yellow alizarines are to be preferred; for pinks and rose shades the alizarine or blue shade brands are best.
Alizarine Pink.—This can be dyed in the same way as Turkey red, only using for full pinks 4 per cent, of alizarine in the dye-bath, or for pale pinks 1 to 2 per cent. It is advisable to reduce the strength of the oiling and mordanting baths down to one-half.
Alizarine Violet.—Alizarine has the property of combining with iron to form a dark violet colour, and advantage is taken of this fact to dye what are called in the dyeing and calico printing trades alizarine purples and lilacs, although these do not resemble in hue or brilliance the purples and lilacs which can be got from the direct dyes. They have not the importance which they formerly possessed, and but a mere outline of two processes for their production will be given.
Alizarine Purple.—Process 1. (1) Boil with soda, (2) prepare with Turkey red oil, (3) mordant by steeping in copperas liquor at 4° Tw. for twenty minutes, take out, allow to lie on stillages overnight, then wash and dry. For deep purples it may be advisable to repeat these treatments; for pale lilacs using them at half strength is advisable. (4) Dye with 8 to 10 per cent. of alizarine blue shade, working as described under Turkey red. The best results are obtained when 1 per cent, of chalk is added to the dye-bath. (5) Soap as in red dyeing.
Process 2. (1) Boil with soda, (2) oil with Turkey-red oil, (3) steep in pyrolignite of iron (iron liquor) for one hour, then age by hanging in the air. (4) Dye as before. (5) Soap.
Fine blacks are got if after oiling the cotton is treated with sumac or tannic acid, then mordanted with iron and dyed with alizarine as usual.
Chocolate Browns.—Fine fast chocolate browns can be
got from alizarine by using a mixed mordant of iron and alumina, either the acetate or the sulphate. By varying the relative proportions various shades can be obtained.
Alizarine Orange—Prepare the cotton as if for dyeing a Turkey red, but use in the dye-bath 8 to 10 per cent. of Alizarine orange.
Alizarine Blue—The cotton is boiled three hours with 3 per cent. ammonia soda at 30 lb. pressure, and then washed thoroughly. The boiled, washed and hydro-extracted yarn is oiled with a solution containing from ¼ lb. to 1½ lb. Turkey-red oil, 50 per cent. for every gallon of water. It is then wrung out evenly and dried for twelve hours at 150° F.