In writing this little book the author believes he is supplying a want which most Students and Dyers of Cotton Fabrics have felt—that of a small handbook clearly describing the various processes and operations of the great industry of dyeing Cotton.

The aim has not been to produce a very elaborate treatise but rather a book of a convenient size, and in order to do so it has been necessary to be brief and to omit many matters that would rightfully find a place in a larger treatise, but the author hopes that nothing of importance has been omitted. The most modern processes have been described in some detail; care has been taken to select those which experience shows to be thoroughly reliable and to give good results.

FRANKLIN BEECH.

May, 1901.

CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER I.
STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE COTTON FIBRE[1]
Action of Alkalies[6]
Action of Acids on Cellulose[9]
Action of Sulphuric Acid on Cotton[10]
Action of Hydrochloric Acid[11]
Action of Nitric Acid[12]
Action of Oxidising Agents on Cellulose or Cotton[16]
CHAPTER II.
SCOURING AND BLEACHING OF COTTON[23]
Stains and Damages in Bleached Goods[50]
CHAPTER III.
DYEING MACHINERY AND DYEING MANIPULATIONS[53]
Hand Dyeing[53]
Dyeing Machines[57]
Dyeing, Slubbing, Sliver or Carded Cotton and Wool[58]
Cop Dyeing[64]
CHAPTER IV.
THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF COTTON DYEING[82]
(1) Direct Dyeing[85]
(2) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Metallic Salts[112]
(3) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Developers[128]
(4) Direct Dyeing followed by Fixation with Couplers[139]
(5) Dyeing on Tannic Mordant[147]
(6) Dyeing on Metallic Mordants[156]
(7) Production of Colour Direct upon Cotton Fibres[181]
(8) Dyeing Cotton by Impregnation with Dye-stuff Solution[198]
CHAPTER V.
DYEING UNION (MIXED COTTON AND WOOL) FABRICS[208]
CHAPTER VI.
DYEING HALF SILK (COTTON-SILK, SATIN) FABRICS[225]
Method of Dyeing [225]
CHAPTER VII.
OPERATIONS FOLLOWING DYEING[239]
Washing, Soaping, Drying [239]
CHAPTER VIII.
TESTING OF THE COLOUR OF DYED FABRICS[257]
CHAPTER IX.
EXPERIMENTAL DYEING AND COMPARATIVE DYE TESTING[262]
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG.PAGE
1. Cotton Fibre[5]
1A. Cross-section of Cotton Fibre[5]
2. Mercerised Cotton Fibre[7]
2A. Cross-section of Mercerised Cotton Fibre[7]
3. Silkified Cotton Fibre[9]
3A. Cross-section of Silkified Cotton Fibre[9]
4. Mather & Platt's Low-pressure Bleaching Kier[31]
5. Mather & Platt's Yarn-bleaching Kier[49]
6. Rectangular Dye-tank[54]
7. Round Dye-tub[54]
8. Section of Dye-vat[56]
9. Delahunty's Dyeing Machine[58]
10. Obermaier Dyeing Machine[59]
11. Holliday's Yarn-dyeing Machine[60]
12. Klauder-Weldon Dyeing Machine[62]
13. Graemiger Cop-dyeing Machine[65]
14. Graemiger Cop-dyeing Machine[66]
15. Beaumont's Cop-dyeing Machine[67]
16. Warp-dyeing Machine[70]
17. Warp-dyeing Machine[71]
18. Dye-jiggers[72]
19. Dye-jigger[73]
20. Jig Wince[75]
21. Cloth-dyeing Machine[76]
22. Dye Beck[77]
23. Holliday's Machine for Hawking Cloth[78]
24. Continuous Dyeing Machine[79]
25. Padding Machine[80]
26. Padding Machine[81]
27. Dye-tub for Paranitroaniline Red[191]
28. Padding Machine for Paranitroaniline Red[192]
29. Developing Machine for Paranitroaniline Red[194]
30. Indigo Dye-vat for Cloth[199]
31. Squeezing Rollers[240]
32. Yarn-washing Machine[243]
33. Dye-house Washing Machine[244]
34. Cloth-washing Machine[245]
35. Cloth-washing Machine[247]
36. Washing and Soaping Vats[248]
37. Steaming Cottage[249]
38. Steaming and Ageing Chamber[250]
39. Hydro-extractor[251]
40. Hydro-extractor[252]
41. Automatic Yarn-dryer[253]
42. Truck Yarn-dryer[254]
43. Drying Cylinders[255]
44. Experimental Dye-bath[263]

CHAPTER I.

STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY OF THE COTTON FIBRE.