MELIACEAE.

FLOW. PL. AFR.

Pl. 76.

J. Fleischmann del.

Trichilia retusa Oliv.

A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise. D Anther.

3. Seeds winged. Ovules 4 or more, rarely 2 in each ovary-cell. Stamens
8-10. [Subfamily SWIETENIOIDEAE.] 4
Seeds not winged. Ovules 1-2, rarely 3-8 in each ovary-cell or on each placenta. [Subfamily MELIOIDEAE.] 9
4. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma small. Disc wanting. Anthers 10, seated between the teeth of the staminal tube.
Leaves whorled, undivided. Flowers in panicles.—Species 2. West
Africa. Pynaertia De Wild.
Ovules 4 or more in each ovary-cell. Leaves pinnate. 5
5. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell. Disc shortly stalk-shaped. Staminal tube campanulate, the mouth crenate and with short teeth bearing the anthers. Petals imbricate in bud.—Species 7. Central Africa. Lovoa Harms
Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell. 6
6. Ovules 6 in each ovary-cell. Ovary sessile. Disc none. Staminal tube entire at the mouth, or with short teeth bearing the anthers. Petals with imbricate aestivation. Flowers 5-merous.—Species 2. Southern
West Africa. Wulfhorstia C. DC.
Ovules 12 or more in each ovary-cell. Petals with contorted aestivation. 7
7. Disc shortly stalk-shaped, connected with the staminal tube by longitudinal ridges. Seeds winged below. Leaflets entire.—Species 15. Central
Africa. They yield timber, gum, and a dye-stuff. (Including Leioptyx
Pierre, under Swietenia L.) Entandophragma C. DC.
Disc cup- or cushion-shaped, not connected with the staminal tube by longitudinal ridges. 8
8. Disc cup-shaped. Fruit oblong. Seeds about 5 in each cell of the fruit, winged below.—Species 1. Central Africa. Yields timber and gum. (Under Cedrela L.) Pseudocedrela Harms
Disc cushion-shaped. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit globose. Seeds numerous in each cell, winged all round.—Species 7. Tropics. They yield timber (African mahogany), tanning bark, gum, and medicaments. Khaya Juss.
9. (3.) Ovules more than 2 in each ovary-cell. Ovary 4-5-celled. Anthers
8-10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube. Seeds large, pyramidal; seed-coat woody or corky. 10
Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell or on each placenta. Seeds small or medium-sized; testa crustaceous, leathery, parchment-like, or membranous. 11
10. Flowers 4-merous. Staminal tube with 2-toothed lobes. Seed-coat corky or spongy. Radicle of the embryo lateral. Leaves pinnate, with 1-3 pairs of leaflets, or simple. Panicles rather small, lax, few-flowered.—Species
3. Tropics. They yield timber, tanning bark, and oily seeds. (Under Carapa Aubl.) Xylocarpus Koen.
Flowers 5-merous. Staminal tube with entire lobes. Ovules 6-8 to
each ovary-cell. Seed-coat woody. Radicle superior. Leaves pinnate, with many pairs of leaflets. Panicles very large, many-flowered.—Species
4. Tropics. They yield timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. Carapa Aubl.
11. Ovary 2-3-celled, rarely 1-celled with 2-3 placentas. Stamens 6-12. 12
Ovary 4-20-celled, rarely later on 1-celled with 4-5 placentas. 19
12. Anthers inserted below the mouth of the staminal tube, entirely or almost included. Disc stalk-like or wanting. Seeds exalbuminous. Leaflets
6-25. 13
Anthers inserted at the upper edge of the staminal tube, or at the top of its lobes, or in the notches between them. 14
13. Leaflets serrate. Flowers 5-merous. Anthers inserted at the base of the lobes of the staminal tube. Disc none. Ovary septate. Stigma
2-3-parted. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe. Radicle of the embryo exserted.—Species
1. East Africa. Yields timber, oily seeds, and medicaments. (Under Melia L.) Azadirachta Juss.
Leaflets entire. Stigma discoid. Fruit a 2- or more-seeded capsule or berry. Radicle included.—Species 7. West Africa. Yield timber.
(Including Bingeria A. Chev. and Heckeldora Pierre). Guarea L.
14. Filaments united at the base only, 2-toothed at the top; anthers inserted between the teeth. Petals 5, valvate in bud. Fruit a berry or drupe.
Seeds albuminous. Leaves 3-foliolate.—Species 2. Madagascar and
Comoro Islands. Cipadessa Blume
Filaments united high up, rarely (Trichilia) at the base only, but then fruit a capsule and seeds exalbuminous. 15
15. Ovary 1-celled, adnate to the staminal tube. Stigma sessile. Anthers inserted at the rim of the almost entire staminal tube. Disc stalk-like.
Flowers 4-merous. Leaflets usually 5.—Species 1. Madagascar. Symphytosiphon Harms
Ovary 2-3-celled. 16
16. Flowers solitary, axillary, rarely in spikes. Anthers 10, inserted at the tips of the teeth of the staminal tube. Disc ring-shaped. Style long.
Fruit capsular, subglobose. Seeds with 3 narrow wings and with fleshy albumen. Small shrubs. Leaves with a narrowly winged stalk and 3 woolly leaflets.—Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola).
Used medicinally. (Nelanaregam Adans.) Naregamia Wight & Arn.
Flowers in panicles, rarely in racemes. Leaves with 5 or more leaflets, rarely with 3, but then seeds exalbuminous. 17
17. Leaflets 5-7, toothed, clothed with stellate hairs; leafstalk winged.
Anthers 10, inserted between the lobes of the staminal tube, which are divided in filiform segments. Disc ring-shaped. Style short.—Species
1. West Africa (Cameroons). The bark is eaten and used medicinally. Pterorhachis Harms
Leaflets entire, very rarely toothed, but then anthers 8, inserted at the
entire mouth of the staminal tube. Seeds exalbuminous. 18
18. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Seed-coat crustaceous. Staminal tube entire or shortly toothed.—Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, and medicaments. (Including
Charia C. DC.) Ekebergia Sparm.
Fruit a capsule with a leathery rind. Seed-coat thin-leathery. Staminal tube usually more or less deeply divided.—Species 35. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, dyes, oily seeds, and medicaments. (Plate 76.) Trichilia L.
19. (11.) Leaves simple, undivided. Flowers solitary or in cymes or racemes.
Fruit capsular. Seeds albuminous. 20
Leaves pinnate. Flowers in panicles, racemes, or cymes. Stamens united high up. 21
20. Stamens united at the base only, 8. Disc cup-shaped. Stigma small.
Flowers solitary.—Species 1. South Africa. (Aitonia Thunb.,
Carruthia O. Ktze.) Nymania Lindb.
Stamens united high up, 8-10. Disc ring-shaped or absent. Stigma usually thick.—Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including Calodryum Desv., Grevellina Baill., and Quivisia Comm.) Tourraea L.
21. Leaves twice pinnate, with usually serrate leaflets. Anthers 10-12, inserted between the teeth of the staminal tube. Fruit a drupe. Seeds with scanty albumen.—Species 4, two natives of Central Africa, the others (especially M. Azederach L., beadtree or Persian lilac) cultivated as ornamental plants and sometimes naturalized. They yield timber, gum, oil, and medicaments, and are also used for the preparation of liquors. The fruits are poisonous. Melia L.
Leaves once pinnate, with entire leaflets. Seeds exalbuminous. 22
22. Leaves equally pinnate. Anthers 5 or 8. 23
Leaves unequally pinnate. Anthers 8 or 10. 24
23. Leaflets 2-6. Flowers 4-merous. Petals with contorted aestivation.
Anthers 8, inserted below the notches between the lobes of the staminal tube. (See 10.) Xylocarpus Koen.
Leaflets 10-16. Flowers 5-merous. Petals with valvate aestivation.
Anthers 5, inserted at the rim of the nearly entire staminal tube.—Species
1. Madagascar. Quivisianthe Baill.
24. Anthers inserted at the upper margin of the staminal tube or at the top of its teeth. Disc ring- or cup-shaped. Style short, with a lobed stigma. Leaflets opposite. (See 18.) Ekebergia Sparm.
Anthers inserted below the mouth of the staminal tube, included. Leaflets usually alternate. 25
25. Petals united high up and adnate to the staminal tube, valvate in bud.
Ovary at first 4-5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell, later 1-celled.—Species
4. West Africa. Turraeanthus Baill.
Petals free, or united at the base only. 2
26. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. (See 13.) Guarea L.
Ovary 4-5-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. (See 10.) Carapa Aubl.

SUBORDER MALPIGHIINEAE

[FAMILY 119.] MALPIGHIACEAE