J. Fleischmann del.

Dombeya Bruceana A. Rich.

A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Cross-section of ovary.

7. (1.) Petals minute or wanting. Stamens 5, free or almost free. Ovary
3-5-celled, with 3 or more ovules in each cell. Shrubs.—Species 1.
Madagascar. [Tribe LASIOPETALEAE.] Keraudrenia Gay
Petals distinctly developed. 8
8. Carpels distinct, surrounded by 5-10 petal-like staminodes twisted in the bud. Stamens 10-30, inserted upon a raised receptacle, free.
Fruit winged. Trees. Flowers panicled. [Tribe MANSONIEAE.] 9
Carpels not surrounded by petal-like staminodes. Anthers 2-celled. 10
9. Calyx spathe-like. Petals oblong, with a gland at the base. Stamens 10, inserted upon a long androphore. Staminodes 10, oblong-linear, glabrous. Leaves toothed. Panicles terminal, many-flowered.—Species
1. West Africa. Yields timber. Achantia A. Chev.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals obovate, without glands. Stamens 30, upon a short androphore. Staminodes 5, ovate, downy. Leaves lobed.
Panicles lateral, few-flowered.—Species 1. West Africa. Yields timber. Triplochiton K. Schum.
10. Petals or their lower part hooded. 11
Petals or their lower part flat or slightly boat-shaped, sometimes one of them hooded, the others flat. 18
11. Ovary 1-celled, with a single ovule. Stamens united in pairs. Staminodes none. Petals clawed, with a spur-like appendage. Trees.—Species 1.
Equatorial West Africa. The bark and the seeds are used as condiments. Hua Pierre
Ovary 2- or more-celled, with two or more ovules in each cell. [Tribe
BUETTNERIEAE.] 12
12. Staminodes absent. Fertile stamens 10, united at the base. Sepals at first imbricate. Petals with a saucer-shaped claw and a lanceolate blade.
Ovary 5-celled, with numerous ovules. Shrubs. Leaves undivided.
Flowers in racemes.—Species 1. West Africa (Congo). Cotylonychia Stapf
Staminodes present. 13
13. Stamens united in pairs or bundles. Shrubs or trees. [Subtribe
THEOBROMINAE.] 14
Stamens united below in a ring or tube; anthers solitary between the barren lobes. Petals with a blade. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell.
[Subtribe BUETTNERINAE.] 17
14. Petals with a blade above the hood. Ovules numerous in each ovary-cell. 15
Petals without a blade. 16
15. Petals with a 2-parted blade. Staminodes short. Fruit with a woody, prickly rind, dehiscent. Cotyledons coiled. Trees. Leaves serrate.
Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. Cultivated in the tropics, naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Yields timber, fibre, a mucilage used for
clarifying sugar, fodder, edible fruits, and medicaments. Guazuma Plum.
Petals with an entire blade. Staminodes long. Fruit with a leathery rind, indehiscent. Cotyledons wrinkled. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers in cymes.—Species 3 (chiefly Th. Cacao L.). Cultivated in the tropics.
The seeds are used for the preparation of cocoa, chocolate, and cocoa-butter, the pericarp for making a beverage. They yield also fibres and are used in medicine. Theobroma L.
16. Staminal tube bell-shaped. Anthers in short-stalked clusters of 3. Staminodes solitary, leaf-like, bent outwards. Shrubs.—Species 10. West
Africa. Scaphopetalum Mast.
Staminal tube ring-shaped. Anthers singly upon long filaments. Staminodes in bundles, thread-like.—Species 10. Central Africa. Leptonychia Turcz.
17. Petals clawed, adhering to the cupular staminal tube. Anthers sessile or nearly so. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species 13. Tropics. Buettnera L.
Petals sessile, free from the annular staminal tube. Anthers stalked.
Seeds albuminous.—Species 2. Madagascar. Ruelingia R. Br.
18. (10.) Stamens and carpels inserted on a long gynophore. Petals unequal, one of them hooded, red, deciduous. Stamens in bundles of 3 alternating with staminodes. Ovary 5-celled with 3-5 ovules in each cell. Trees.—Species
1. Comoro Island. Yields timber. [Tribe HELICTEREAE.] Kleinhofia L.
Stamens and carpels inserted on a very short gynophore or without a gynophore. Petals equal or subequal, flat or slightly convex, not hooded. 19
19. Fertile stamens 5; staminodes minute or wanting. Petals deciduous, usually slightly oblique. [Tribe HERMANNIEAE.] 20
Fertile stamens 10 or more, rarely (Melhania) 5, but then alternating with long staminodes. Filaments united at the base. Petals usually very oblique and persistent. [Tribe DOMBEYEAE.] 22
20. Filaments free, broadened at the base or above the middle. Ovary 5-celled, the cells alternating with the petals. Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Seeds reniform; embryo curved. Herbs, undershrubs, or small shrubs.—Species 190. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. (Including Mahernia L.) [Subtribe HERMANNINAE.] Hermannia L.
Filaments united below, not broadened above. Ovary 5-celled, the cells opposite to the petals, or 1-celled. Ovules 2 in each cell. Seeds elliptical; embryo straight. [Subtribe MELOCHINAE.] 21
21. Ovary 1-celled. Style 1, simple; stigma penicillate.—Species 2. Tropical and South Africa and Canary Islands. Used medicinally. Waltheria L.
Ovary 5-celled. Styles or style-branches 5.—Species 5. Tropics; one species only naturalized. They yield fibres, vegetables, and medicaments.
(Including Altheria Thouars) Melochia L.
22. Staminodes wanting. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees. 23
Staminodes 2-8, usually 5. 24
23. Ovary-cells and styles 5. Anthers 20. Fruit with loculicidal dehiscence.—Species
1. Island of Mauritius. Astiria Lindl.
Ovary-cells and styles 10. Anthers 20-30, associated in 5 bundles.
Fruit with loculicidal and septicidal dehiscence.—Species 1. Island of
Réunion. Ruizia Cav.
24. Fertile stamens 5. Ovary 5-celled. Bracteoles 3, persistent. Herbs, undershrubs, or low shrubs.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa.
Melhania Forsk.
Fertile stamens 10 or more. Bracteoles deciduous or wanting. 25
25. Ovary almost completely 2-celled with 1 ovule in each cell. Petals slightly oblique, deciduous. Bracteoles remote from the flower. Undershrubs.—Species
3. East Africa. Harmsia K. Schum.
Ovary 3-10-, usually 5-celled, with 2 or more ovules in each cell. Trees or shrubs. 26
26. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell.—Species 120. Tropical and South Africa.
Some species yield timber, fibres, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Assonia Cav. and Xeropetalum Del.) (Plate
94.) Dombeya Cav.
Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Style simple. 27
27. Bracteoles palmately cut. Petals falling off together with the staminal tube. Leaves linear.—Species 1. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Cheirolaena Benth.
Bracteoles entire or wanting. Petals persistent.—Species 8. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Trochetia DC.

SUBORDER SCYTOPETALINEAE

[FAMILY 145.] SCYTOPETALACEAE

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided. Flowers in fascicles, racemes, or panicles. Calyx entire or lobed. Petals 3-16, free or almost free, valvate in bud, more rarely wholly united. Stamens numerous, slightly perigynous. Anthers attached by the base. Ovary superior, rarely half-inferior, completely or almost completely 3-8-celled. Ovules 2 or more in each cell, pendulous, inverted, with dorsal raphe. Style simple. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 5, species 40. West Africa. (RHAPTOPETALACEAE, under OLACINEAE.) (Plate 95.)

1. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Anthers usually opening by longitudinal slits. Corolla furrowed in the bud, subsequently separating into 5 or more petals. Fruit one-seeded. Seeds usually without a crown of hairs. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles. [Tribe
OUBANGUIEAE.] 2
Ovules 6 or more in each ovary-cell. Anthers usually opening by apical
pores. Corolla not furrowed in the bud, sometimes subsequently separating into 2-5 petals. Seeds usually with a crown of hairs.
Flowers in fascicles or cymes, usually on the old wood. [Tribe RHAPTOPETALEAE.]
3
2. Flowers in racemes. Stigma usually lobed. Fruit a drupe. Albumen ruminate.—Species 9. West Africa. Scytopetalum Pierre
Flowers in panicles. Stigma entire. Fruit a capsule. Albumen uniform.—Species
10. West Africa. (Including Egassea Pierre) Oubanguia Baill.
3. Ovary almost superior to half-superior. Fruit a one-seeded drupe. Albumen ruminate.—Species 5. West Africa. (Plate 95.) Rhaptopetalum Oliv.
Ovary superior. Fruit a several-seeded capsule. Albumen uniform. 4
4. Fruit long, with 2 fertile and 2 sterile cells.—Species 2. Equatorial
West Africa (Cameroons). Pierrina Engl.
Fruit short, with 4-6 fertile cells.—Species 15. West Africa. (Including
Erythropyxis Pierre) Brazzeia Baill.

ORDER PARIETALES