Visnea Mocanera L. f.

A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Flower cut lengthwise. D End of a fruiting branch. E Young fruit. F Young fruit cut lengthwise.

2. Styles 3-5, free or united below. Sepals 5. Embryo with distinct, not very thick cotyledons. [Subfamily HYPERICOIDEAE.] 3
Style 1, undivided or cleft at the top, or 1 sessile stigma. Shrubs or trees. 7
3. Fruit a berry or a drupe. Carpels 5. Seeds not winged; cotyledons longer than the radicle. Petals usually woolly within. Stamens in
5 bundles. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe VISMIEAE.] 4
Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry, but then carpels 3. Petals glabrous within. 6
4. Fruit a drupe. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell. Stamens in bundles of
3-5.—Species 1 (H. paniculata Lodd.). Tropics. Yields timber, dyes, edible fruit from which a drink is prepared, and medicaments.
(Harungana Lam.) Haronga Thouars
Fruit a berry. Stamens in bundles of 4-20. 5
5. Ovules 1-2 in each ovary-cell. Embryo with usually twisted cotyledons.
Flowers in terminal, umbel-like cymes.—Species 35. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. Psorospermum Spach
Ovules 3 or more in each ovary-cell. Embryo with semiterete cotyledons.
Flowers in panicles.—Species 6. Central Africa. (Caopia Adans.) Vismia Vell.
6. Fruit dehiscing septicidally and loculicidally. Seeds with a long wing.
Embryo with a very short radicle and longer cotyledons. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell. Stamens in 3 bundles. Petals with
a basal appendage. Shrubs.—Species 2. Madagascar. [Tribe
CRATOXYLEAE.] Eliaea Camb.
Fruit dehiscing septicidally, rarely indehiscent. Seeds without a distinct wing, but sometimes keeled. Embryo with the cotyledons usually shorter than the radicle.—Species 35. Some of them yield wood and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. (Including Androsaemum
All. and Triadenia Spach). [Tribe HYPERICEAE.] Hypericum L.
7. (2.) Style very short or wanting. Fruit a berry. Seeds usually with an aril. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily CLUSIOIDEAE, tribe GARCINIEAE.] 8
Style distinctly developed. Seeds usually without an aril. 11
8. Ovary incompletely 5-celled with numerous parietal ovules in each cell.
Flowers unisexual. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens in 5 bundles.
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Seeds with an aril.—Species 4.
Central Africa. The seeds yield a fat. (Including Stearodendron
Engl.) (Plate 99.) Allanblackia Oliv.
Ovary completely 2-12-celled with 1-2 axile ovules in each cell. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 9
9. Ovary with 2-3 two-ovuled cells, sometimes each cell subsequently divided into two incomplete, one-ovuled compartments. Sepals 2.
Petals 4. Filaments united at the base. Seeds without an aril. Flowers
in clusters, rarely solitary.—Species 12. Madagascar and West
Africa. They yield timber, dyes, and edible fruits. (Calysaccion
Wight) Ochrocarpus Thouars
Ovary with one-ovuled cells. Seeds with an aril. 10
10. Sepals 2. Petals 4-7. Filaments free.—Species 4. Madagascar.
(Including Tsimatimia Jum. et Perrier) Rheedia L.
Sepals 4-5, rarely 2, but then filaments united in several bundles.
Petals 4-5.—Species 60. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, gum-resin (gambodge), dyes, edible fruits, fat-containing seeds, and various medicaments, among which are the false cola-nuts.
(Including Xanthochymus Roxb.) Garcinia L.
11. Ovary 5-celled, with several or many ovules in each cell. Style 5-cleft.
Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens united in 5 bundles or in a tube.
Fruit a berry. Embryo undivided. [Subfamily MORONOBOIDEAE.] 12
Ovary 1-4-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell, surmounted by a simple style with an entire or 2-4-parted stigma, rarely (Hypericum) ovary
5-celled and style or stigma 5-cleft, but then fruit a capsule and embryo with distinct cotyledons. 13
12. Stamens in 5 bundles consisting of numerous stamens each. Sepals nearly equalling the petals.—Species 3. West Africa. The fruits of the tallow-tree (P. butyracea Sabine) yield a fat. Pentadesma Sabine
Stamens united in a tube, the lobes of which bear 3-4 anthers each.
Sepals much smaller than the petals. Disc cupular.—Species 15.
Madagascar and West Africa. S. globulifera L. f. yields timber and a resin used industrially and medicinally; other species afford edible fruits, oily seeds, food for silkworms, and medicaments. (Including
Chrysopia Thouars) Symphonia L. f.
13. Sepals 2-4. Stamens free or shortly united at the base. Ovary 1-4-celled with 1-2 ovules in each cell. Fruit a drupe. Embryo with a very short radicle and thick-fleshy cotyledons. [Subfamily CALOPHYLLOIDEAE.] 14
Sepals 5. 15
14. Ovary 1-celled, with a single erect ovule. Fleshy mesocarp thin. Flowers in racemes or panicles.—Species 6. Madagascar and East Africa.
They yield timber, resin, oil, fish-poison, and medicaments. Calophyllum L.
Ovary 2-4-celled, with altogether 4 ovules. Flowers solitary or in clusters.—Species
2, one growing wild in West Africa, the other (M. americana
L.) cultivated in the tropics and naturalized on the Cape Verde Islands.
The latter species yields timber, resin, medicaments, and edible fruits
(mammee-apples), which are also used for preparing drinks. Mammea L.
15. Ovary 1-celled, with a single pendulous ovule. Filaments united at the base in 5 bundles, further upwards in a tube. Fruit a drupe.
Embryo with a very short radicle and thick cotyledons.—Species 1.
West Africa. [Subfamily ENDODESMIOIDEAE.] Endodesmia Benth.
Ovary 2-5-celled. 16

GUTTIFERAE.

FLOW. PL. AFR.

Pl. 99.

J. Fleischmann del.

Allanblackia floribunda Oliv.