J. Fleischmann del.
Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl.
A Flowering branch. B Tendril. C Male flower cut lengthwise. D Cluster of fruits.
1. Leaves compound: 2-3-foliolate or pinnate. Shrubs. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Stamens 5-10, free from the short gynophore. Anthers attached by the back. 2
Leaves simple: entire, toothed, lobed, or cleft. 3
2. Corona formed of numerous threads springing from the base of the calyx.
Petals 4-5, resembling the sepals. Stamens united at base. Style
3-5-cleft. Ovules numerous. Fruit a capsule. Stem climbing.
Leaflets in 1-2 pairs. Flowers in cymes.—Species 6. West Africa and Madagascar. Deidamia Thouars
Corona none, but a disc within the stamens present. Petals 5, much exceeding the sepals. Fertile stamens 5, free, alternating with 5 staminodes.
Style simple. Ovules 10-12. Leaflets in 4-5 pairs. Flowers in panicles.—Species 1. East Africa. Donaldsonia Bak.
3. Fertile stamens twice as many as the sepals or petals, 6-8. Corona formed of one row of threads. Ovary almost sessile, with 4 placentas and 4 subsessile stigmas. Shrubs.—Species 1. South-east Africa. Schlechterina Harms
Fertile stamens as many as the sepals or petals. 4
4. Fertile stamens alternating with as many staminodes. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Petals 5. Style simple. 5
Fertile stamens not alternating with staminodes. 6
5. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Sepals ovate. Petals ovate, larger than the sepals. Corona formed of one row of threads. Staminodes tooth-shaped.
Ovary seated in the centre of the disc. Stigma entire. Climbing, tendril-bearing shrubs. Leaves oblong.—Species 1. Northern
West Africa. Crossostemma Planch.
Calyx-tube bell- or funnel-shaped. Sepals oblong. Petals linear-oblong, much smaller than the sepals. Corona none. Staminodes awl-shaped.
Anthers affixed by the back, near the base, and surmounted by a prolonged, awl-shaped connective. Stamens free from the short gynophore.
Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a berry. Erect herbs without tendrils.
Leaves linear-lanceolate.—Species 1. Southern West Africa. Machadoa Welw.
6. Stamens adnate to the gynophore. Anthers affixed by the back, at first turned inwards, later on outwards. Styles 3 or style single and 3-cleft.
Corona present. Flowers hermaphrodite. Fruit a berry.—Species
8. One of them a native of Madagascar, the others cultivated and sometimes naturalized in the tropics and the Canary Islands. They yield edible fruits, drinks, and medicaments, and serve as ornamental plants. “Passion-flower.” Passiflora L.
Stamens free from the gynophore, or no gynophore present. Anthers affixed by the base or between its lobes, opening inwards or laterally.
Fruit a capsule, rarely a berry. 7
7. Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx-tube saucer-shaped. Corona triple. Style
3-cleft. Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers in 2-3-flowered cymes.—Species
15. Central and South Africa. (Including Basananthe Peyr.) Tryphostemma Harv.
Flowers unisexual, rarely hermaphrodite or polygamous, but then without
a corona. Petals 4-6. Corona simple, double, or wanting. Leaves with 1-3 glands at the base.—Species 40. Tropical and South
Africa. Some are poisonous, others have edible fruits or are used in medicine. (Modecca Lam., including Echinothamnus Engl., Jaeggia
Schinz, Keramanthus Hook. fil., Ophiocaulon Hook. fil., and Paschanthus
Burch.) (Plate 106.) Adenia Forsk.
[FAMILY 162.] ACHARIACEAE
Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, undivided or lobed, without stipules. Flowers regular, 3-5-merous, monoecious, solitary or fascicled, axillary, the male sometimes in racemes. Sepals free, at least in the female flowers, imbricate or open in bud. Petals united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as and alternating with the corolla-lobes, affixed to the corolla. Anthers adnate, opening inwards. Receptacle produced into a corona formed of 3-5 scales which are inserted at the base of the corolla and alternate with the stamens. Ovary superior, sessile or short-stalked, 1-celled, with 3-5 parietal placentas bearing 2 or more inverted ovules each. Style 3-10-cleft. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a sometimes adnate aril, a pitted or wrinkled testa, a copious albumen, and a straight embryo.—Genera 3, species 3. South Africa. (Under PASSIFLORACEAE.)
1. Stem twining. Leaves 5-7-lobed. Flowers 4-5-merous, the male in racemes, the female solitary. Sepals of the male flowers linear. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla. Anthers cohering. Corona formed of linear or oblong scales. Ovary short-stalked, oblong. Style-branches twice as many as placentas. Fruit linear. Aril adnate to the wrinkled testa.—Species 1. South Africa. Ceratiosicyos Nees
Stem erect or underground. Leaves 3-lobed or undivided. Flowers solitary or fascicled. Stamens inserted in the tube or at the throat of the corolla. Aril free from the pitted testa. 2
2. Aboveground stem erect or ascending, woody at the base. Leaves 3-lobed.
Flowers 3-4-merous. Sepals oblong or ovate, free. Anthers with a broad connective. Ovary sessile, subglobose. Ovules few, usually 6-8. Style-branches twice as many as placentas.—Species 1.
Cape Colony. Acharia Thunb.
Aboveground stem wanting. Leaves undivided. Flowers solitary, 5-merous.
Sepals linear, adnate to the corolla. Stamens inserted at the throat of the corolla. Anthers with a narrow connective. Ovary short-stalked, oblong. Ovules numerous. Style-branches as many as placentas. Fruit elliptical.—Species 1. Cape Colony. Guthriea Bolus
SUBORDER PAPAYINEAE
[FAMILY 163.] CARICACEAE