J. Fleischmann del.

Mimusops Kummel Bruce

A Flowering branch. B Flower cut lengthwise. C Petal, stamen, and staminodes. D Petal from outside. E Anther from outside. F Cross-section of ovary.

5. Stigmas capitate. Styles tubercled. Fruit opening by a lid. Inflorescence paniculate. Herbs.—Species 1. North Africa. Yields tanning and dyeing materials and medicaments, and serves as an ornamental plant. Goniolimon Boiss.
Stigmas cylindrical or filiform. 6
6. Styles hairy. Petals almost free. Fruit bursting all round at the base.
Inflorescence capitate. Leaves usually linear.—Species 10. North
Africa. Some are used as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Thrift.” Armeria Willd.
Styles glabrous. Fruit opening with a lid, or bursting irregularly, or remaining closed. Inflorescence paniculate.—Species 60. North
Africa, northern Central Africa, and South Africa. Some species are used for tanning or as ornamental or medicinal plants. (Limonium
Boiss.) Statice L.

ORDER EBENALES

SUBORDER SAPOTINEAE

[FAMILY 193.] SAPOTACEAE

Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the leaf-axils or on the trunk. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals united below, imbricate in bud. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite to them, or more. Anthers opening lengthwise. Ovary superior, completely or almost completely 2-or more-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, more or less curved, the micropyle turned downwards. Style simple. Fruit a berry.—Genera 19, species 150. (Plate 124.)

1. Petals with two sometimes laciniate or minute dorsal appendages, rarely with one only. [Tribe MIMUSOPEAE.] 2
Petals without dorsal appendages. [Tribe PALAQUIEAE.] 4
2. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 6; staminodes none. Appendages of the petals small, toothed. Flowers hermaphrodite. Seeds exalbuminous, affixed by a broad, lateral hilum.—Species 1. Seychelles. Northea Hook. fil.
Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 6-8, but alternating with as many staminodes, or more. 3
3. Fertile stamens more than twice as many as the petals. Fruit 1-seeded.—Species
3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Yielding timber. Labourdonnesia Boj.
Fertile stamens as many, rarely twice as many as the petals.—Species 60.
Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, tanning-bark,
a resin (balata) similar to guttapercha, edible fruits, fat-containing seeds, fish-poison, and medicaments. (Including Baillonella Pierre, Dumoria
A. Chev., Imbricaria Commers., Labramia A. DC., and Tieghemella
Pierre). (Plate 124.) Mimusops L.
4. Fertile stamens as many as petals. [Subtribe SIDEROXYLINAE.] 5
Fertile stamens more than petals. 17
5. Staminodes none, rarely 1-4, small. 6
Staminodes 5 or more. 11
6. Filaments with a leaf-like appendage. Leaves crowded at the top of the branches; stipules linear. Flowers in clusters springing from older branches.—Species 1. Madagascar. Cryptogyne Hook. fil.
Filaments without a leaf-like appendage. 7
7. Anthers converging around the style, oblong. Filaments adnate to the long corolla-tube at their base. Sepals free. Endocarp separating and enveloping the 5 seeds. Seeds exalbuminous. Shrubs with long, reddish brown, undivided hairs. Leaves lanceolate, with 2 pouch-shaped auricles at the base of the blade; side-nerves numerous, somewhat distant, connected by numerous transverse veins.—Species 1. Equatorial
West Africa (Gaboon). Delpydora Pierre
Anthers not converging. Leaves not auricled. Hairs usually 2-parted. 8
8. Seeds albuminous. Primary side-nerves of the leaves usually approximate.—Species
20. Central and South Africa. Some species yield timber or edible fruits. Chrysophyllum L.
Seeds exalbuminous, solitary. Stigma 5-lobed. Primary side-nerves of the leaves somewhat distant. Trees. 9
9. Sepals free or nearly so. Tube of the corolla longer than the segments.
Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Leaves oblong or ovate; primary side-nerves straight and connected by numerous transverse veins.—Species
6. Central Africa. They yield timber. Malacantha Pierre
Sepals obviously united at the base. Tube of the corolla as long as or shorter than the segments. Anthers opening outwards. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical; primary side-nerves arched, connected by a network of veins. 10
10. Corolla-tube as long as the segments. Ovules attached below the middle.—Species
6. Central Africa. Some have edible fruits. (Under Sideroxylon
L.) Sersalisia R. Br.
Corolla-tube shorter than the segments. Ovules attached by the middle or above it. Leaves lanceolate; stipules linear.—Species 4. Central
Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and oily seeds. Pachystela Pierre
11. (5.) Ovary 2-6-celled. 12
Ovary 8-12-celled. 16
12. Filaments much longer than the anthers. Staminodes linear. Style long.
Ovules attached above the middle. Corolla with a short tube and narrow segments. Seed 1, with a very scanty albumen. Trees. Leaves lanceolate, stipulate.—Species 4. West Africa. (Under Sideroxylon
L.) Bakerisideroxylon Engl.
Filaments about as long as or slightly longer than the anthers. Ovules
attached by the middle or below it. 13
13. Sepals united to above the middle. Anthers opening inwards. Staminodes lanceolate or ovate. Styles very long, with a very small stigma. Seeds exalbuminous. Trees. Leaves lanceolate.—Species 3. Central
Africa. (Including Stironcurum Radlk.) Synsepalum A. DC.
Sepals free or united at the base. Anthers opening outwards. 14
14. Staminodes awl-shaped. Ovary 2-4-celled. Seeds 2-4, connate, albuminous.
Spiny trees. Leaves lanceolate. Species 1. Morocco.
Yields timber (iron-wood) and oil. Argania Roem. & Schult.
Staminodes more or less petal-like, or short and broad. Ovary usually
5-celled. Seeds separate or solitary. 15
15. Staminodes more or less petal-like. Seeds albuminous, with leaf-like cotyledons.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa, Canary Islands, and Madeira. Some species yield timber, edible fruits, or medicaments.
(Including Calvaria Commers. and Sapota A. DC.) Sideroxylon L.
Staminodes small, broad. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons.
(See 10.) Sersalisia R. Br.
16. Calyx 5-6-parted. Corolla 5-6-lobed. Ovary 10-12-celled. Ovules attached by the base. Fruit 4-12-seeded. Seeds ovoid, compressed, with a narrow hilum, albuminous. Flowers solitary.—Species 1
(A. Sapota L., sapodilla-plum). Cultivated in the tropics. Yields a guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and medicaments. (Under Sapota
Plum.) Achras L.
Calyx 8-10-parted. Corolla 8-10-cleft or -parted. Ovary 8-10-celled.
Ovules attached by the middle. Fruit 1-4-seeded. Seeds globular, with a broad hilum, exalbuminous. Flowers in clusters, clothed with rusty-brown hairs.—Species 1 (B. Parkii Kotschy). Central Africa.
Yields timber, a guttapercha-like resin, edible fruits, and a fat (shea-butter) from the seeds. (Bassia L.) Butyrospermum Kotschy
17. (4.) Sepals 5, unequal, spirally arranged. Fertile stamens 15, 20, or more; Staminodes 5 or more. Ovary 9-30-celled. Style cone- or club-shaped. [Subtribe OMPHALOCARPINAE.] 18
Sepals 4 or 6, nearly equal, whorled. Stamens 12 or 16, all fertile. Anthers opening outwards. Style awl-shaped. [Subtribe ILLIPINAE.] 19
18. Stamens 15, united in 5 bundles. Anthers opening outwards. Ovary
10-celled. Style club-shaped. Petals 5, white. Sepals red. Flowers solitary or few together in the axils of the lower, sometimes fallen leaves.—Species
1. Equatorial West Africa (Cameroons). Tridesmostemon Engl.
Stamens 20 or more, free. Anthers opening inwards. Style cone-shaped,
Flowers springing from the old wood.—Species 13. West Africa.
They yield timber and a sort of guttapercha. Omphalocarpum Beauv.
19. Sepals 4. Petals 8. Stamens 16. Ovary 10-12-celled. Seeds albuminous.—Species
1. Cultivated in the tropics. Yields guttapercha. Payena A. DC.
Sepals 6. Petals 6. Stamens 12. Ovary 6-celled. Seeds exalbuminous.—Species
2. Cultivated in the tropics. Yielding guttapercha. Palaquium Blanco