1. Seeds erect or ascending, the radicle turned downwards. Fruit 2-parted, but sometimes one half only developed. Corolla conspicuous, white or yellow, with 5-6, more rarely 7-12 or 4 imbricate segments; in the latter case anthers opening inside. Shrubs or undershrubs. [Subfamily
JASMINOIDEAE, tribe JASMINEAE.] 2
Seeds pendulous or descending, the radicle turned upwards. Fruit not
2-parted. Petals 4 or 0, rarely 5-8; in this case petals valvate in bud or stem tree-like. Anthers opening laterally, very rarely inside, but then petals valvate in bud. [Subfamily OLEOIDEAE.] 3
2. Fruit a capsule. Sepals linear. Corolla bell- or wheel-shaped, with a short tube and 5-6 segments. Anthers opening laterally. Ovules
2-4 in each ovary-cell. Undershrubs. Leaves simple, undivided or
pinnatifid.—Species 3. South Africa. Menodora Humb. & Bonpl.
Fruit a berry. Corolla salver-shaped. Anthers opening inside. Shrubs.
Leaves compound, with 1-7 leaflets.—Species 60. Some of them are used in perfumery and medicine or as ornamental plants (jessamine). Jasminum L.
3. Fruit a linear or lanceolate winged nut. Seeds with fleshy albumen.
Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla absent. Flowers unisexual or polygamous. Leaves pinnate. Trees.—Species 4. North-west
Africa. They yield timber, tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments.
“Ash.” [Tribe FRAXINEAE.] Fraxinus L.
Fruit a capsule, a berry, or a drupe. Corolla present. 4
4. Fruit a capsule. Albumen very scanty or absent. Ovules 4 in each ovary-cell. Corolla with a long tube and 4-8 imbricate lobes. Flowers in panicles. Trees.—Species 15. Central and South Africa. (Nathusia
Hochst.) (Plate 126.) [Tribe SYRINGEAE.] Schrebera Roxb.
Fruit a berry or a drupe. Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Corolla with a short tube or without a tube, and with valvate, rarely imbricate segments; in the latter case shrubs with spicate or racemose flowers. Leaves undivided. [Tribe OLEINEAE.] 5
5. Petals free or united in pairs, with valvate aestivation. 6
Petals all united at the base. 7
6. Flowers in axillary and terminal simple racemes. Embryo with a long radicle.—Species 1. Canary Islands and Madeira. Yields timber.
(Picconia DC.) Notelaea Vent.
Flowers in axillary or terminal compound racemes. Embryo with a short radicle.—Species 10. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber. (Mayepea Aubl.) Linociera Swartz
7. Corolla with imbricate aestivation. Flowers in axillary simple spikes or racemes. Shrubs.—Species 4. North Africa. They yield timber and medicaments, and serve also as ornamental plants. Phillyrea L.
Corolla with induplicate-valvate aestivation. 8
8. Corolla globular. Seeds exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons. Flowers in axillary and terminal simple racemes, more rarely solitary or in clusters. Trees. Species 6. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some have edible fruits. Noronhia Stadtmann
Corolla not globular. Seeds with a fleshy albumen and flat cotyledons.
Flowers in compound racemes or in clusters. 9
9. Corolla-tube very short; segments narrow, bent inwards at the margins.
Sepals free or nearly so. Anthers opening outwards. Flowers in clusters.
Low trees.—Species 1. Southern Central Africa. Dekindtia Gilg
Corolla-tube not very short. Sepals united high up. Anthers opening inwards or laterally. Flowers in compound racemes. 10
10. Fruit a berry with a membranous or crustaceous endocarp, 2 cells, and 2-4 seeds. Inflorescences terminal. Shrubs. Species 1. Naturalized in North Africa. Serves as an ornamental or hedge plant; also the
wood is used; the berries are poisonous. “Privet.” Ligustrum L.
Fruit a drupe with a bony, woody, or crustaceous endocarp and 1, rarely
2 seeds. Inflorescences usually axillary.—Species 15. Some of them, especially the olive (O. europaea L.), yield timber, edible fruits, oil, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. Olea L.

SUBORDER GENTIANINEAE

[FAMILY 198.] LOGANIACEAE

Shrubs or trees. Juice not milky. Leaves opposite or whorled, entire, rarely toothed or lobed; stipules well developed or reduced to a transverse ridge or line connecting the leaf-stalks. Calyx-lobes 4-5. Petals 4-16, united below. Stamens as many as or fewer than the petals, inserted on the corolla. Ovary superior, completely or incompletely 2-, rarely 4-celled, with 2 or more inverted ovules in each cell. Style simple or 4-cleft. Seeds albuminous.—Genera 14, species 240. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 127.)

1. Glandular hairs present. Corolla-lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens
4. Style simple. [Subfamily BUDDLEIOIDEAE.] 2
Glandular hairs absent. [Subfamily LOGANIOIDEAE.] 8
2. Anther-halves cohering above, divergent below. Anthers projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted at the throat of the corolla. Style long; stigma small. Ovary incompletely 2-celled.
Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs consisting of several cells.—Species 30. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber. (Plate 127.) Nuxia Lam.
Anther-halves separate. Style short with a thick stigma, rarely rather long, but then flowers in racemes. Capitate tips of the glandular hairs consisting of 2 cells. 3
3. Anthers distinctly projecting beyond the corolla-tube. Filaments inserted at the base of the corolla-tube. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule.
Flowers in many-flowered, terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Trees.—Species 4. South Africa and Madagascar. Chilianthus Burch.
Anthers concealed within the corolla-tube or scarcely projecting. 4
4. Style long. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule. Flowers in terminal simple racemes. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Shrubs.—Species 2.
South Africa and southern Central Africa. Gomphostigma Turcz.
Style short. Flowers in capitate, racemose, or panicled inflorescences composed of cymes. 5
5. Ovary completely or incompletely 4-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Fruit a globular drupe. Flowers in terminal panicles. Stipules reduced to a transverse line.—Species 2. Madagascar. (Under Buddleia L.) Adenoplea Radlk.
Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. 6
6. Fruit a globular drupe. Seeds with a small embryo. Ovary completely
2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences lateral, racemiform.
Leaves toothed, with foliaceous stipules.—Species 2. Madagascar. Adenoplusia Radlk.
Fruit an oblong berry or an oblong or ovate capsule. 7
7. Fruit a berry. Seeds with a comparatively large embryo. Ovary incompletely
2-celled. Corolla salver-shaped. Inflorescences capitate.
Shrubs.—Species 7. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Nicodemia Ten.
Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a small embryo.—Species 18. Tropical and South Africa. Some species yield timber, dye-stuffs, a substitute for soap, and medicaments, or serve as ornamental plants. Buddleia L.
8. (1.) Style 4-cleft. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4-5. Fruit a capsule. Leaves entire. Stipules triangular or united into a sheath.
[Tribe GELSEMIEAE.] 9
Style simple. Ovules with several or many ovules in each cell, rarely with 2, but then corolla valvate in bud. 10
9. Flowers in few-flowered cymes enclosed by two large involucral bracts united at the base. Stamens unequal in length.—Species 6. Central
Africa. (Under Mostuea Didr.) Coinochlamys Anders.
Flowers without an involucre.—Species 25. Tropics. Mostuea Didr.
10. Corolla with imbricate or contorted aestivation; segments 5-16. Stamens the same in number. 11
Corolla with valvate aestivation; segments 4-5. Stamens the same in number or fewer. Stipules reduced to a transverse line. Inflorescences terminal and lateral. 12
11. Calyx with 4, corolla with 10-16 segments. Anthers long and narrow.
Disc present. Ovary 4-celled below, 2-celled above. Fruit a berry.
Inflorescences terminal.—Species 20. Tropical and South Africa.
Some species have edible fruits or are used in medicine. [Tribe FRAGRAEEAE.]. Anthocleista Afz.
Calyx and corolla with 5 segments each. Anthers short. Ovary 2-celled.
Fruit a capsule. Inflorescences lateral.—Species 10 Madagascar and Mascarenes. Some species yield timber. [Tribe LOGANIEAE.] Geniostoma Forst.
12. Calyx-segments very unequal, one of them much larger than the others and petal-like. Corolla salver-shaped, 4-lobed. Stamen 1. Ovary 2-celled with numerous ovules. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged. Climbing shrubs.—Species 1. West Africa. [Tribe ANTONIEAE.] Usteria Willd.
Calyx-segments nearly equal. Stamens 4-5. 13
13. Corolla tubular, red. Ovules 2-3 in each ovary-cell. Fruit a capsule.
Leaves whorled, linear. Flowers few, terminal or arising in the upper leaf-axils. Shrubs. Species 1. South Africa. Retzia Thunb.

LOGANIACEAE.

FLOW. PL. AFR.

Pl. 127.

J. Fleischmann del.