J. Fleischmann del.

Loranthus capitatus (Spreng.) Engl.

A Flowering branch. B Flower. C Lower part of the flower cut lengthwise. D Anther.

Male and female flowers in heads. Bracts broad.—Species 75. South
Africa. Some species yield timber or medicaments; the silvery-haired leaves of the silver-tree (L. argenteum R. Br.) also form an article of commerce. Leucadendron Herm.
5. Flowers regular or almost so, disposed in heads which are sometimes reduced to a single flower. Perianth-segments united below, free and recurved above. 6
Flowers distinctly irregular. Perianth-segments more or less united, except the hindmost, which is separated from the others. 11
6. Leaves, at least the inferior, more or less divided. 7
Leaves all undivided. 8
7. Heads arranged in sometimes very short spikes, 4-flowered. Ovary glabrous or almost so. Fruit sessile.—Species 15. South Africa. (Nivenia R.
Br.) Paranomus Salisb. & Knight
Heads solitary or arranged in corymbs or heads, usually many-flowered.
Ovary hairy, usually woolly or hispid. Fruit short-stalked.—Species
70. South Africa. Serruria Salisb.
8. Heads solitary, 4- or more-flowered. Fruit sessile.—Species 20. South
Africa. (Including Orothamnus Eckl.) Mimetes Salisb.
Heads arranged in spikes, racemes, or umbels, 1-6-flowered. Fruit with a short stalk. 9
9. Flowers somewhat irregular. Stigma lateral, or very oblique, or seated in the centre of a disc-like expansion of the style-apex. Heads in lax spikes or racemes.—Species 25. South Africa. Spatalla Salisb.
Flowers regular. Stigma terminal or nearly so, conical or club-shaped. 10
10. Style more or less lateral, not constricted at the base. Perianth-tube
4-angled. Inflorescence cylindrical.—Species 5. South Africa. Spatallopsis Phillips
Style terminal, constricted at the base. Perianth-tube short, not 4-angled.
Inflorescence globose.—Species 12. South Africa. Sorocephalus R. Br.
11. (5.) Anterior perianth-segments separating above. Anthers oblong or ovate. Style deciduous. Fruit glabrous. Flowers in sometimes oblong heads, usually yellow.—Species 40. South and East Africa. Some species yield timber and bark for tanning. (Plate 33.) Leucospermum R. Br.
Anterior perianth-segments united almost to the top into a lip. Anthers linear. Style persistent. Fruit covered with dense hairs. 12
12. Flowers in spikes or racemes. Anthers obtuse.—Species 15. Tropical and South-east Africa. Some species yield timber. Faurea Harv.
Flowers in heads. Anthers usually with a prolonged connective.—Species
130. South and Central Africa. Some species yield timber, bark for tanning, or medicaments. (Leucadendron L.) Protea L.

ORDER SANTALALES

SUBORDER SANTALINEAE

[FAMILY 56.] SANTALACEAE

Terrestrial plants, sometimes parasitic on roots. Leaves undivided, exstipulate, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth simple. Stamens 3-6, as many as and inserted on the perianth-segments, equalling them or shorter. Anthers stalked, 2-celled. Ovary inferior, rarely almost superior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, basal, or ovules 2-5, pendulous from the apex of a central or subparietal placenta. Style simple or wanting. Fruit indehiscent. Seeds without a testa, with copious fleshy albumen; radicle of the embryo superior.—Genera 6, Species 140. (Plate 34.)

1. Ovary superior. Ovule 1. Style absent; stigma 2-lobed. Stalk of the fruit fleshy. Shrubs or trees.—Species 1. Madagascar. Used medicinally. [Tribe ANTHOBOLEAE.] Exocarpus Labill.
Ovary inferior. Ovules 2-5. Style present. 2
2. Perianth-tube above the ovary coated by a disc on the inside, or wanting.
Placenta thick, straight. Ovules recurved. Stigma 3-4-parted or
4-5-lobed. Fruit a drupe. Shrubs. [Tribe OSYRIDEAE.] 3
Perianth-tube above the ovary not coated by a disc on the inside. Placenta thin, usually flexuous. Ovules straight. Stigma entire or obscurely
2-3-lobed. [Tribe THESIEAE.] 4
3. Leaves, at least most of them, opposite. Flowers in panicles which are sometimes composed of false umbels, 4-6-merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Stigma 4-5-lobed. Embryo with very short cotyledons.—Species
2. South Africa. They yield timber and tanning material.
(Rhoiocarpus A. DC.) Colpoon Berg
Leaves alternate. Flowers in false umbels, which are often arranged in racemes, or the female and hermaphrodite solitary, 3-4-merous, dioecious or polygamous. Stigma 3-4-partite. Embryo with long cotyledons.—Species 8. North and East Africa to Natal. Some species yield fragrant wood (African sandalwood), tanning and dyeing materials, and medicaments. (Plate 34.) Osyris L.
4. Flowers dioecious. Perianth-tube above the ovary very shortly campanulate; segments usually with a tuft of hairs in the male flowers.
Anther-halves elliptical. Style short.—Species 6. South Africa. Thesidium Sond.
Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-tube above the ovary campanulate or cylindrical; segments with tufts or rows of hairs. Anther-halves usually oblong. Style long or rather short. 5
5. Fruit a drupe. Flowers axillary, solitary or in glomerules. Undershrubs.—Species
7. East and South Africa. Osyridicarpus A. DC.
Fruit a nut.—Species 120. Thesium L.