Fig. 38. String Mortises in Long Newel.
Fig. 39. Mortises in Lower Newel for String,
Outside Moulding, and Cap.
Fig. 40. Enlarged Section of Top String.
Fig. 41. Newel Cut to
Receive Bottom Step.
In setting out stairs, not only the proportions of treads and risers must be considered, but also the material available. As this material runs, as a rule, in certain sizes, it is best to work so as to conform to it as nearly as possible. In ordinary stairs, 11 by 1-inch common stock is used for strings and treads, and 7-inch by ¾-inch stock for risers; in stairs of a better class, wider and thicker material may be used. The rails are set at various heights; 2 feet 8 inches may be taken as an average height on the stairs, and 3 feet 1 inch on landings, with two balusters to each step.
In [Fig. 36], all the newels and balusters are shown square; but it is much better, and is the more common practice, to have them turned, as this gives the stairs a much more artistic appearance. The spandrel under the string of the stairway shows a style in which many stairs are finished in hallways and other similar places. Plaster is sometimes used instead of the panel work, but is not nearly so good as woodwork. The door under the landing may open into a closet, or may lead to a cellarway, or through to some other room.